retrovirus

简明释义

英[ˈretrəʊvaɪrəs]美[ˈretroʊvaɪrəs]

n. [病毒] 逆转录酶病毒（一种致肿瘤病毒）

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英英释义

单词用法

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例句

1.The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the human immune system, destroying or impairing their function.

人类免疫力缺乏病毒（HIV）是一种感染人类免疫细胞，从而破坏人体免疫系统的反转病毒。

2.Results showed that IRES was superior to SV40 promoter for guarantee of genes co expression in bicistronic retrovirus mediated gene therapy.

结果表明：在双基因逆转录病毒载体介导的小鼠骨髓细胞的基因转导中，IRES与内部SV40启动子相比，更能保证双基因的共同表达。

3.Scientists wanted to know the structure of a protein-cutting enzyme produced by a retrovirus similar to HIV.

科学家想要知道一种类似艾滋病毒的逆转录病毒所产生的蛋白质切酶的结构。

4.Previous research suggests these genes evolved in response to millions of years of retrovirus infection.

先前的研究表明，这些基因是宿主与逆转录病毒感染百万年斗争的进化结果。

5.Methods a retrovirus vector (RV) which contains JAK2 gene and two binding sites for a chemical inducers of dimerization (AP20187) was constructed.

方法构建克隆1个含有JAK2基因和二聚化化学诱导物(AP2 0 187)结合位点所组成的逆转录病毒载体。

6.Two years later it's confirmed that HTLV-III and the Pasteur retrovirus are indeed the same virus, yet Gallo is still credited with its discovery.

两年以后，经过确认，第三型白血球病毒和巴斯特逆转录酶病毒实际上是一种病毒，然而加洛博士仍因他的发现而有功。

7.Retrovirus (RV) is the most widely used vector for gene transfer, but its efficiency is very low for human cells.

逆转录病毒是最常用的基因治疗载体，但对人类细胞的基因导入率较低。

8.Hanger was the first person to genetically sequence the koala retrovirus after its discovery.

Hanger是第一个对这种考拉逆转录病毒进行基因测序的人。

9.What is a retrovirus?

什么是逆转录？

10.The research team discovered a new strain of retrovirus (逆转录病毒) that affects immune cells.

研究小组发现了一种新的逆转录病毒（retrovirus）株，影响免疫细胞。

11.Scientists are studying the transmission mechanisms of retroviruses (逆转录病毒) to develop better treatments.

科学家们正在研究逆转录病毒（retroviruses）的传播机制，以开发更好的治疗方法。

12.HIV is one of the most well-known types of retrovirus (逆转录病毒).

HIV是最著名的逆转录病毒（retrovirus）之一。

13.The vaccine targets the proteins produced by the retrovirus (逆转录病毒) to prevent infection.

该疫苗针对由逆转录病毒（retrovirus）产生的蛋白质，以防止感染。

14.Researchers are exploring how retroviruses (逆转录病毒) can be used in gene therapy.

研究人员正在探索如何利用逆转录病毒（retroviruses）进行基因治疗。

作文

The study of viruses has always been a fascinating field in the realm of biology. Among the various types of viruses, the term retrovirus (逆转录病毒) stands out due to its unique replication process and significant impact on human health. Retroviruses are a group of RNA viruses that have the ability to convert their RNA into DNA after entering a host cell. This conversion is facilitated by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which is where the name 'retrovirus' originates from. Unlike typical viruses that directly use their RNA or DNA to replicate, retroviruses take a more complex route, integrating their genetic material into the host's genome. One of the most well-known examples of a retrovirus (逆转录病毒) is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is responsible for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The impact of HIV on global health has been profound, leading to millions of infections and deaths since it was first identified in the early 1980s. Understanding how retroviruses (逆转录病毒) like HIV operate is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive measures. The life cycle of a retrovirus (逆转录病毒) begins when it attaches to a specific receptor on the surface of a susceptible host cell. Once inside, the virus releases its RNA and reverse transcriptase into the host cell's cytoplasm. The reverse transcriptase then synthesizes a complementary DNA (cDNA) strand from the viral RNA. This cDNA is subsequently transported into the nucleus of the host cell, where it integrates into the host's DNA with the help of another enzyme called integrase. This integration allows the retrovirus (逆转录病毒) to hijack the host cell's machinery to produce new viral particles. As the host cell replicates its DNA, it inadvertently replicates the integrated viral DNA as well. Eventually, new virions are assembled and released from the host cell, ready to infect other cells. This process not only leads to the proliferation of the virus but also contributes to the long-term persistence of the virus within the host, making eradication difficult. Research on retroviruses (逆转录病毒) has led to significant advancements in medical science. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been developed to manage HIV infections effectively. These treatments work by targeting different stages of the viral life cycle, inhibiting the reverse transcriptase, integrase, or protease enzymes, thereby preventing the virus from multiplying. While ART cannot cure HIV, it can reduce the viral load to undetectable levels, allowing individuals to live healthy lives and significantly reducing the risk of transmission. Moreover, the study of retroviruses (逆转录病毒) has also paved the way for innovative approaches in gene therapy. Scientists are exploring the use of modified retroviruses (逆转录病毒) as vectors to deliver therapeutic genes into target cells, potentially offering cures for genetic disorders. In conclusion, the retrovirus (逆转录病毒) is a remarkable entity that has shaped our understanding of virology and medicine. Its unique characteristics and the challenges it presents have driven extensive research and innovation. As we continue to learn more about retroviruses (逆转录病毒), we move closer to finding solutions for diseases that have long plagued humanity.

病毒研究一直是生物学领域一个引人入胜的领域。在各种类型的病毒中，retrovirus（逆转录病毒）因其独特的复制过程和对人类健康的重大影响而脱颖而出。逆转录病毒是一类RNA病毒，能够在进入宿主细胞后将其RNA转化为DNA。这一转化是通过一种名为逆转录酶的酶来促进的，这就是“retrovirus”这个名称的来源。与直接使用其RNA或DNA进行复制的典型病毒不同，逆转录病毒采取了更复杂的途径，将其遗传物质整合到宿主的基因组中。 最著名的逆转录病毒之一是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV），该病毒导致获得性免疫缺陷综合症（AIDS）。自1980年代初首次被发现以来，HIV对全球健康的影响深远，导致数百万人的感染和死亡。理解像HIV这样的retrovirus（逆转录病毒）是开发有效治疗和预防措施的关键。 逆转录病毒的生命周期始于它附着在易感宿主细胞表面的特定受体上。一旦进入，病毒就会将其RNA和逆转录酶释放到宿主细胞的细胞质中。然后，逆转录酶利用病毒RNA合成互补DNA（cDNA）链。随后，这种cDNA被转运到宿主细胞的细胞核中，在那里它在另一种名为整合酶的酶的帮助下整合到宿主的DNA中。 这种整合使得retrovirus（逆转录病毒）能够劫持宿主细胞的机制来产生新的病毒颗粒。当宿主细胞复制其DNA时，它无意中也复制了整合的病毒DNA。最终，新的病毒颗粒被组装并从宿主细胞释放，准备感染其他细胞。这个过程不仅导致病毒的繁殖，还促成了病毒在宿主内的长期持续存在，使根除变得困难。 对retroviruses（逆转录病毒）的研究推动了医学科学的重大进展。抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）已被开发出来，以有效管理HIV感染。这些治疗方法通过针对病毒生命周期的不同阶段，抑制逆转录酶、整合酶或蛋白酶，从而阻止病毒的增殖。虽然ART不能治愈HIV，但它可以将病毒载量降低到不可检测的水平，使个体能够过上健康的生活，并显著降低传播风险。 此外，对retroviruses（逆转录病毒）的研究也为基因治疗中的创新方法铺平了道路。科学家们正在探索使用改造的retroviruses（逆转录病毒）作为载体将治疗基因递送到目标细胞，可能为遗传疾病提供治疗方案。 总之，retrovirus（逆转录病毒）是一个非凡的实体，塑造了我们对病毒学和医学的理解。它独特的特性和所带来的挑战推动了广泛的研究和创新。随着我们继续深入了解retroviruses（逆转录病毒），我们离找到长期困扰人类的疾病的解决方案又近了一步。