gametes

简明释义

英[ˈɡæmiːts]美[ˈɡæˌmiːts]

n. [生物]配子（gamete 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Such similar-appearing gametes are called isogametes.

这种外形相似的配子称为同形配子。

2.Homothallic species may produce distinctly different sizes of gametes that can fuse with each other and are thus effectively hermaphrodite. Compare heterothallism.

同宗配合种类可以产生形态大小明显不同的配子，使之能发生相互融合，因此它们是有效的雌雄同体植物。

3.The Embryos Bill sets limits on the use of gametes and embryos.

胚胎法案》对于配子和胚胎的使用进行了限制。

4.Germ cell Any cell in a cell lineage that eventually produces gametes.

是生物体所有细胞中最终能产生配子的细胞。

5.The deficiency of N or P in artificial seawater would lag the time of gametophyte formation and affect the differentiation ratio of female-male gametes.

人工海水中氮、磷营养盐的缺乏会导致海带配子体形成时间的滞后，并对其雌雄分化产生一定影响。

6.If such gametophytes produce fertile gametes, the resulting sporophyte is then tetraploid, and large polyploid series may subsequently be developed.

如果这种配子体能够产生可育的配子，那么形成的孢子体通常是四倍体，这样就可以得到大量的多倍体。

7.Gametes showed intensive positive phototaxis, after syngamy, motile zygotes showed negative phototaxis.

其配子具有明显的正趋光性，合子具有负趋光性。

8.Exogamy The fusion of gametes produced by organisms that are not closely related.

(异系配合)：亲缘关系较远的生物体产生的配子相互融合。

9.In sexual reproduction, the fusion of male and female gametes is essential for creating a new organism.

在有性生殖中，雄性和雌性配子的融合对创造一个新生物至关重要。

10.The study of gametes helps scientists understand genetic variation in populations.

对配子的研究帮助科学家理解种群中的遗传变异。

11.During fertilization, the gametes combine to form a zygote.

在受精过程中，配子结合形成合子。

12.Some plants can produce gametes through a process called parthenogenesis.

一些植物可以通过一种称为孤雌生殖的过程产生配子。

13.The quality of gametes can significantly affect fertility outcomes.

配子的质量会显著影响生育结果。

作文

In the study of biology, the term gametes refers to the reproductive cells that are essential for sexual reproduction. These cells play a crucial role in the process of fertilization, where the fusion of male and female gametes results in the formation of a zygote. The two main types of gametes are sperm and eggs, which are produced by males and females, respectively. Understanding the function and significance of gametes is vital for comprehending how genetic information is passed from one generation to the next. The formation of gametes occurs through a specialized type of cell division called meiosis. During this process, a diploid cell undergoes two rounds of division to produce four haploid gametes. This reduction in chromosome number is essential because it ensures that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote has the correct diploid number of chromosomes. Without this mechanism, organisms would face an exponential increase in chromosome numbers with each generation. In humans, the male gametes, known as sperm, are produced in the testes. Each sperm cell is equipped with a flagellum that allows it to swim towards the egg. On the other hand, the female gametes, or eggs, are produced in the ovaries and are typically larger than sperm. Unlike sperm, which are continuously produced throughout a male's life, females are born with a finite number of eggs, which decrease in number as they age. This difference in production rates highlights the contrasting roles that male and female gametes play in reproduction. The interaction between gametes does not merely involve physical contact; it is also influenced by various biochemical signals. For instance, sperm must navigate through the female reproductive tract to reach the egg, and this journey is facilitated by chemical cues released by the egg. Once a sperm successfully penetrates the egg, a series of reactions occurs that prevent other sperm from entering, ensuring that only one sperm fertilizes the egg. This process is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the genetic material. Beyond their biological functions, gametes also carry significant implications in the fields of genetics and medicine. Understanding the mechanisms of gametes can help scientists develop treatments for infertility, as well as improve techniques for assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Additionally, research into gametes has shed light on genetic disorders that arise from abnormalities during gametogenesis, the process of gamete formation. In conclusion, gametes are fundamental components of sexual reproduction, serving as the vehicles for genetic material transfer between generations. Their formation through meiosis, the distinct characteristics of sperm and eggs, and their interactions during fertilization are all critical aspects of biology that highlight the complexity of life. As we continue to explore the intricacies of gametes, we gain deeper insights into the processes that sustain biodiversity and evolution. The study of gametes not only enhances our understanding of reproduction but also opens doors to advancements in medical science and genetic research.

在生物学研究中，术语gametes指的是对性繁殖至关重要的生殖细胞。这些细胞在受精过程中发挥着关键作用，雄性和雌性gametes的融合会导致合子形成。两种主要类型的gametes是精子和卵子，分别由男性和女性产生。理解gametes的功能和重要性对于理解遗传信息如何从一代传递到下一代至关重要。 gametes的形成通过一种特殊的细胞分裂方式——减数分裂进行。在这个过程中，一个二倍体细胞经历两轮分裂，产生四个单倍体gametes。这种染色体数目的减少是必要的，因为它确保在受精发生时，形成的合子具有正确的二倍体染色体数。如果没有这种机制，生物体将面临每一代染色体数目的指数增长。 在人类中，雄性gametes被称为精子，产生于睾丸。每个精子细胞都配备有一个鞭毛，使其能够游向卵子。另一方面，雌性gametes或卵子则在卵巢中产生，通常比精子大。与精子不同，精子在男性一生中不断产生，而女性出生时就拥有有限数量的卵子，随着年龄的增长而减少。这种生产率的差异突显了雄性和雌性gametes在繁殖中所扮演的不同角色。 gametes之间的相互作用不仅涉及物理接触，还受到各种生化信号的影响。例如，精子必须穿过雌性生殖道才能到达卵子，这一过程受到卵子释放的化学信号的促进。一旦精子成功穿透卵子，就会发生一系列反应，防止其他精子进入，从而确保只有一个精子使卵子受精。这一过程对于保持遗传物质的完整性至关重要。 除了生物学功能外，gametes在遗传学和医学领域也具有重要意义。理解gametes的机制可以帮助科学家开发不孕不育的治疗方法，并改善辅助生殖技术（如试管婴儿）的技术。此外，对gametes的研究揭示了在生殖细胞生成（即gametes形成过程）中出现的遗传疾病的异常。 总之，gametes是性繁殖的基本组成部分，作为遗传物质转移的载体。它们通过减数分裂形成、精子和卵子的不同特征以及受精过程中的相互作用都是生物学的重要方面，突显了生命的复杂性。随着我们继续探索gametes的复杂性，我们将更深入地了解维持生物多样性和进化的过程。对gametes的研究不仅增强了我们对繁殖的理解，也为医学科学和遗传研究的进步打开了大门。