austerity

简明释义

英[ɒˈsterəti]美[ɔːˈsterəti]

n. （经济的）紧缩，严格节制消费；艰苦，朴素；苦行，禁欲；（物品的）简朴，无华；严格，严厉

复 数 a u s t e r i t i e s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

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例句

1.Too much austerity could lead to stagnation.

过度紧缩可能导致停滞。

2.Start with austerity.

我们以紧缩开始。

3.War was followed by many years of austerity.

紧随战争的是多年的经济紧缩。

4.Alas, Greece's austerity plan looks doomed to fail.

遗憾的是，希腊的财政紧缩计划看上去注定要失败。

5.But then, that is the nature of austerity.

但到了那时，就显示出艰苦朴素的本性了。

6.The Greeks have met the terms of their fiscal austerity program.

希腊人已经达成了财政紧缩项目的条件。

7.The government implemented strict austerity measures to reduce the national debt.

政府实施了严格的紧缩政策以减少国债。

8.Many citizens protested against the austerity cuts in public services.

许多公民抗议公共服务的紧缩削减。

9.After the economic crisis, the country faced years of austerity.

经济危机后，该国面临多年的紧缩。

10.The budget was revised to reflect a period of austerity and financial discipline.

预算被修订，以反映一个紧缩和财政纪律的时期。

11.During times of austerity, people often have to make difficult choices.

在紧缩时期，人们常常不得不做出艰难的选择。

作文

In recent years, the term austerity has become increasingly prevalent in discussions surrounding economic policy and governance. Austerity refers to a set of measures implemented by governments to reduce budget deficits during periods of economic downturn. These measures often include cuts to public spending, tax increases, and reductions in government services. While proponents argue that austerity is necessary for stabilizing an economy, critics contend that it disproportionately affects the most vulnerable members of society. The origins of austerity can be traced back to the financial crises that have plagued various countries, particularly in Europe. For instance, following the 2008 financial crisis, several nations, including Greece, Spain, and Portugal, adopted strict austerity measures as a condition for receiving bailout packages from international lenders. These policies were aimed at reducing national debt but led to widespread protests and social unrest. Citizens argued that the harsh cuts to education, healthcare, and public services were unjust and detrimental to their quality of life. One significant aspect of austerity is its impact on social welfare programs. Governments often target these programs for cuts, claiming that they are necessary to balance the budget. However, such cuts can lead to increased poverty rates and greater inequality. For example, in Greece, the implementation of austerity measures resulted in a dramatic rise in unemployment and a decline in living standards. Many families struggled to make ends meet, and the social fabric of the country was severely tested. Moreover, austerity can stifle economic growth in the long run. By cutting public investment in infrastructure, education, and innovation, governments may inadvertently hinder their economies' recovery. Critics argue that rather than fostering growth, austerity can lead to a vicious cycle of recession, where reduced government spending leads to lower consumer demand, which in turn results in further economic contraction. It is essential to consider alternative approaches to managing economic crises. Some economists advocate for a more balanced approach that combines fiscal responsibility with targeted investments in growth. This strategy could involve maintaining essential public services while gradually reducing deficits through sustainable means. For instance, investing in renewable energy or technology can create jobs and stimulate economic activity without resorting to drastic austerity measures. In conclusion, while austerity may be viewed as a necessary evil during times of economic distress, its implementation can have far-reaching consequences. The debate surrounding austerity highlights the need for careful consideration of the social impacts of economic policies. Policymakers must strive to find a balance between fiscal responsibility and the well-being of their citizens. Ultimately, the goal should be to create an economy that is not only stable but also equitable and inclusive for all.

近年来，术语紧缩政策在经济政策和治理的讨论中变得越来越普遍。紧缩政策是指政府在经济衰退期间实施的一系列措施，以减少预算赤字。这些措施通常包括削减公共支出、增加税收以及减少政府服务。虽然支持者认为紧缩政策对稳定经济是必要的，但批评者则认为这对社会中最脆弱的成员产生了不成比例的影响。 紧缩政策的起源可以追溯到影响各国的金融危机，特别是在欧洲。例如，在2008年金融危机之后，包括希腊、西班牙和葡萄牙在内的几个国家实施了严格的紧缩政策，作为获得国际贷款者救助方案的条件。这些政策旨在减少国家债务，但导致了广泛的抗议和社会动荡。公民们辩称，教育、医疗和公共服务的严厉削减是不公正的，并且对他们的生活质量造成了损害。 紧缩政策的一个重要方面是它对社会福利项目的影响。政府通常将这些项目作为削减的目标，声称这是平衡预算所必需的。然而，这种削减可能导致贫困率上升和更大的不平等。例如，在希腊，实施紧缩政策导致失业率急剧上升，生活水平下降。许多家庭难以维持生计，国家的社会结构经受了严峻考验。 此外，紧缩政策可能在长期内抑制经济增长。通过削减基础设施、教育和创新的公共投资，政府可能无意中阻碍了经济的复苏。批评者认为，与其促进增长，紧缩政策可能导致经济衰退的恶性循环，即减少政府支出导致消费者需求降低，进而导致进一步的经济收缩。 考虑管理经济危机的替代方法至关重要。一些经济学家主张采取更平衡的方法，结合财政责任与针对性的增长投资。这一策略可能涉及在维持必要公共服务的同时，通过可持续的方式逐步减少赤字。例如，投资于可再生能源或技术可以创造就业机会并刺激经济活动，而无需诉诸于激烈的紧缩政策措施。 总之，尽管在经济困境时期紧缩政策可能被视为一种必要的恶，但其实施可能带来深远的后果。围绕紧缩政策的辩论凸显了经济政策社会影响的谨慎考虑的必要性。决策者必须努力在财政责任和公民福祉之间找到平衡。最终，目标应该是创造一个不仅稳定，而且对所有人都公平和包容的经济。