autophagy

简明释义

英[ɔːˈtɑfədʒi]美[ɔːˈtɑːfədʒi]

n. 自我吞噬；自食症；自体吞噬

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Paradoxically autophagy defects are associated with increased tumorigenesis but the mechanism behind this has not been determined.

自相矛盾的是，自噬缺陷与肿瘤发生的呈正相关，但这背后的机制仍没有被明确。

2.Autophagy is commonly observed in metazoan organisms during programmed cell death (PCD), but its function in dying cells has been unclear.

在后生动物有机体的细胞程序性死亡(PCD)中可以普遍观察到自噬现象。但它在垂死细胞的功能作用还不清楚。

3.Future studies will determine whether and how manipulation of the autophagy pathway improves post-TBI recovery.

今后的研究将决定自噬途径是否及如何操控外伤性脑损伤后的恢复改善。

4.There is a mutual regulation between apoptosis and autophagy in death signaling process mediated by mitochondria.

线粒体介导了死亡信号通路中自噬与凋亡的相互作用。

5.Conclusion Receptor-mediated endocytosis of ConA-HRP is associated with autophagy and apoptosis.

结论受体介导内吞和自噬同凋亡之间存在一定的关系。

6.Autophagy appears to involve an active participation of the vacuolar membranes.

自体吞噬似乎与液泡膜的积极参加有关。

7.Recent studies have shown that exercise can enhance autophagy, which is the body's way of cleaning out damaged cells.

最近的研究表明，锻炼可以增强自噬，这是身体清除受损细胞的方式。

8.Fasting has been linked to increased levels of autophagy, promoting cellular repair and longevity.

禁食与增加自噬水平有关，促进细胞修复和长寿。

9.Researchers are exploring how autophagy might play a role in neurodegenerative diseases.

研究人员正在探索自噬在神经退行性疾病中的作用。

10.Certain diets are thought to stimulate autophagy, potentially aiding in weight loss.

某些饮食被认为可以刺激自噬，可能有助于减肥。

11.The process of autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

自噬过程对维持细胞内环境稳态至关重要。

作文

In recent years, the term autophagy has gained significant attention in the field of biology and medicine. The word itself is derived from the Greek words 'auto' meaning self, and 'phagy' meaning eating. Therefore, autophagy can be understood as the process through which cells essentially 'eat' themselves to maintain homeostasis and promote cellular health. This self-eating mechanism is crucial for cellular repair, recycling of damaged organelles, and the removal of misfolded proteins. The importance of autophagy cannot be overstated, as it plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including development, differentiation, and immune response. Research has shown that autophagy is involved in protecting cells from stress, such as nutrient deprivation and oxidative damage. When cells undergo stress, they activate the autophagy process to degrade and recycle cellular components, thereby providing essential nutrients and energy to survive adverse conditions. Moreover, the dysregulation of autophagy has been linked to several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infections. For instance, in cancer, the relationship between autophagy and tumor growth is complex. On one hand, autophagy can suppress tumor initiation by removing damaged organelles and preventing inflammation. On the other hand, established tumors may exploit autophagy to survive in low-nutrient environments and resist chemotherapy. Thus, understanding the dual role of autophagy in cancer biology is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, impaired autophagy contributes to the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates and neuronal cell death. Studies have indicated that enhancing autophagy could be a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate the progression of these diseases. By promoting the clearance of aggregated proteins, autophagy could help restore cellular function and improve neuronal survival. Furthermore, autophagy also plays a significant role in the immune system. It helps eliminate pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, by degrading them within autophagosomes. This process not only aids in the direct elimination of pathogens but also enhances the presentation of antigens, thereby facilitating an effective immune response. As research continues to uncover the complexities of autophagy, scientists are exploring ways to manipulate this process for therapeutic benefits. Pharmacological agents that induce autophagy are being investigated for their potential to treat various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise have been shown to influence autophagy activity. Intermittent fasting, for example, has been associated with increased autophagy, suggesting that dietary interventions could be a viable strategy to enhance cellular health and longevity. In conclusion, autophagy is a fundamental biological process that plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and health. Its implications in disease pathology and potential therapeutic applications make it a fascinating area of research. As we continue to explore the intricacies of autophagy, we may unlock new avenues for treating diseases and improving overall health. Understanding and harnessing the power of autophagy could pave the way for innovative approaches to medicine in the future.

近年来，术语自噬在生物学和医学领域引起了显著关注。这个词本身源于希腊语单词“auto”，意为自我，“phagy”，意为吃。因此，自噬可以理解为细胞通过这种过程本质上“吃掉”自己，以维持体内平衡并促进细胞健康。这种自我吞噬机制对于细胞修复、受损细胞器的回收和错误折叠蛋白的去除至关重要。 自噬的重要性不容小觑，因为它在各种生理过程中发挥着至关重要的作用，包括发育、分化和免疫反应。研究表明，自噬参与保护细胞免受压力，如营养缺乏和氧化损伤。当细胞经历压力时，它们会激活自噬过程，以降解和回收细胞成分，从而提供必需的营养和能量以在不利条件下生存。 此外，自噬的失调与多种疾病有关，包括癌症、神经退行性疾病和感染。例如，在癌症中，自噬与肿瘤生长之间的关系非常复杂。一方面，自噬可以通过去除受损细胞器和防止炎症来抑制肿瘤的发生。另一方面，已形成的肿瘤可能利用自噬在低营养环境中生存并抵抗化疗。因此，理解自噬在癌症生物学中的双重角色对开发有效的治疗策略至关重要。 在阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病中，受损的自噬会导致有毒蛋白聚集物的积累和神经元细胞死亡。研究表明，增强自噬可能是一种潜在的治疗方法，可以减缓这些疾病的进展。通过促进聚集蛋白的清除，自噬可以帮助恢复细胞功能并改善神经元的存活。 此外，自噬在免疫系统中也发挥着重要作用。它通过在自噬体内降解病原体（如细菌和病毒）来帮助消除这些病原体。这个过程不仅有助于直接消除病原体，还增强了抗原的呈递，从而促进有效的免疫反应。 随着研究不断揭示自噬的复杂性，科学家们正在探索操纵这一过程以获得治疗益处的方法。诱导自噬的药物正在被研究，作为治疗各种疾病（包括癌症和神经退行性疾病）的潜力。此外，饮食和运动等生活方式因素也被证明会影响自噬的活性。例如，间歇性禁食与增加的自噬相关，表明饮食干预可能是增强细胞健康和延长寿命的一种可行策略。 总之，自噬是一个基本的生物过程，在维持细胞稳态和健康方面发挥着关键作用。它在疾病病理学中的意义以及潜在的治疗应用使其成为一个引人入胜的研究领域。随着我们继续探索自噬的复杂性，我们可能会开启新的治疗疾病和改善整体健康的途径。理解和利用自噬的力量可能为未来医学创新方法铺平道路。