auxotrophic

简明释义

英[ˌɔːksəˈtrɒfɪk]美[ˌɔksəˈtrɑfɪk]

adj. 营养缺陷体的；营养缺陷型的

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Auxotrophic mutants of Trichoderma harzianum tolerant to carbendazim were obtained by UV-light mutagenesis and carbendazim induction on PDA medium.

用紫外线诱变哈茨木霉野生型菌株，经含多菌灵PDA培养基耐药性筛选，获得了耐药性菌株。

2.Auxotrophic mutants of Trichoderma harzianum tolerant to carbendazim were obtained by UV-light mutagenesis and carbendazim induction on PDA medium.

用紫外线诱变哈茨木霉野生型菌株，经含多菌灵PDA培养基耐药性筛选，获得了耐药性菌株。

3.The research team created a strain of bacteria that is auxotrophic 需营养的 for certain amino acids, making it useful for studying metabolic pathways.

研究小组创造了一种对某些氨基酸< span>需营养的 auxotrophic 的细菌株，这使其在研究代谢途径方面非常有用。

4.In genetic experiments, scientists often use auxotrophic 需营养的 mutants to identify genes involved in biosynthesis.

在基因实验中，科学家们常常使用< span>需营养的 auxotrophic 突变体来识别参与生物合成的基因。

5.The auxotrophic 需营养的 yeast strain requires specific nutrients to grow, which can be provided in the laboratory.

这种< span>需营养的 auxotrophic 酵母菌株需要特定的营养物质才能生长，这些营养物质可以在实验室中提供。

6.Researchers used an auxotrophic 需营养的 mutant of E. coli to study the effects of various supplements on growth.

研究人员使用了大肠杆菌的一个< span>需营养的 auxotrophic 突变体来研究各种补充剂对其生长的影响。

7.To create a controlled environment, the scientists worked with auxotrophic 需营养的 strains that could not survive without added nutrients.

为了创造一个受控环境，科学家们使用了不能在没有添加营养物质的情况下存活的< span>需营养的 auxotrophic 菌株。

作文

In the realm of microbiology and genetics, the term auxotrophic refers to organisms that cannot synthesize certain compounds required for their growth and reproduction. These organisms are unable to produce essential nutrients, such as amino acids or vitamins, due to mutations in their biosynthetic pathways. As a result, auxotrophic organisms must obtain these nutrients from their environment, making them dependent on specific conditions for survival. This characteristic is particularly important in laboratory settings where scientists utilize auxotrophic strains to study gene function and metabolic pathways. The concept of auxotrophic mutants was first discovered in the early 20th century when researchers were investigating the nutritional requirements of various microorganisms. By manipulating the genetic makeup of these organisms, scientists were able to create strains that lacked the ability to produce certain essential compounds. For example, a strain of yeast might be engineered to become auxotrophic for the amino acid tryptophan, meaning it cannot grow unless tryptophan is supplied in the medium. Understanding auxotrophic mutants has significant implications for genetic research. These mutants serve as invaluable tools for genetic mapping and functional analysis. By crossing auxotrophic strains with wild-type strains, researchers can track the inheritance of specific genes and identify their roles in metabolic processes. This approach has led to groundbreaking discoveries in fields such as biochemistry and molecular biology. Moreover, auxotrophic strains are frequently used in the production of recombinant proteins and other biotechnological applications. For instance, in industrial fermentation processes, auxotrophic yeast or bacteria can be engineered to produce high yields of desired products while minimizing the production of unwanted byproducts. This specificity not only enhances the efficiency of the production process but also reduces the costs associated with downstream processing. In addition to their applications in research and industry, auxotrophic organisms play a critical role in understanding evolutionary processes. The study of how these organisms adapt to their environments provides insights into the mechanisms of evolution and natural selection. By examining the conditions under which auxotrophic mutants arise and thrive, scientists can gain a deeper understanding of the selective pressures that shape the genetic diversity of populations. Furthermore, the use of auxotrophic strains in experimental setups allows for the controlled investigation of gene function. Researchers can introduce specific genes into auxotrophic backgrounds and observe the resulting phenotypic changes. This method is particularly useful for studying the effects of gene knockouts or overexpression, providing a clearer picture of how individual genes contribute to the overall physiology of the organism. In conclusion, the term auxotrophic encompasses a fundamental concept in microbiology and genetics that highlights the dependency of certain organisms on external nutrients for growth. Through the study of auxotrophic mutants, scientists have gained valuable insights into gene function, metabolic pathways, and evolutionary dynamics. The applications of auxotrophic strains extend beyond basic research, influencing biotechnology and industrial processes. As our understanding of these organisms continues to evolve, so too will our ability to harness their unique properties for scientific advancement and practical applications.

在微生物学和遗传学领域，术语auxotrophic指的是那些无法合成生长和繁殖所需某些化合物的生物。这些生物由于其生物合成途径中的突变而无法产生必需的营养素，如氨基酸或维生素。因此，auxotrophic生物必须从环境中获取这些营养素，使它们在生存上依赖特定条件。这一特性在实验室环境中特别重要，科学家利用auxotrophic菌株研究基因功能和代谢途径。 auxotrophic突变体的概念最早是在20世纪初被发现的，当时研究人员正在调查各种微生物的营养需求。通过操纵这些生物的遗传组成，科学家能够创造出缺乏产生某些必需化合物能力的菌株。例如，一种酵母菌可能被工程化为对氨基酸色氨酸变得auxotrophic，这意味着它无法生长，除非培养基中提供色氨酸。 理解auxotrophic突变体对遗传研究具有重要意义。这些突变体作为遗传图谱绘制和功能分析的宝贵工具。通过将auxotrophic菌株与野生型菌株杂交，研究人员可以追踪特定基因的遗传并识别其在代谢过程中的作用。这种方法在生物化学和分子生物学等领域导致了突破性的发现。 此外，auxotrophic菌株常用于重组蛋白和其他生物技术应用的生产。例如，在工业发酵过程中，可以将auxotrophic酵母或细菌工程化，以在最小化不必要副产品的同时产生高产量的所需产品。这种特异性不仅提高了生产过程的效率，还降低了下游处理相关的成本。 除了在研究和工业中的应用外，auxotrophic生物在理解进化过程方面也起着关键作用。研究这些生物如何适应其环境提供了对进化机制和自然选择的洞察。通过检查auxotrophic突变体出现和繁衍的条件，科学家能够深入理解塑造种群遗传多样性的选择压力。 此外，在实验设置中使用auxotrophic菌株允许对基因功能进行控制的研究。研究人员可以将特定基因引入auxotrophic背景，并观察由此产生的表型变化。这种方法对于研究基因敲除或过表达的影响特别有用，提供了更清晰的图景，显示个别基因如何贡献于生物体的整体生理。 总之，术语auxotrophic涵盖了微生物学和遗传学中的一个基本概念，强调某些生物在生长上对外部营养的依赖。通过对auxotrophic突变体的研究，科学家获得了关于基因功能、代谢途径和进化动态的宝贵见解。auxotrophic菌株的应用超越了基础研究，影响着生物技术和工业过程。随着我们对这些生物理解的不断发展，我们也将能够利用它们独特的特性来推动科学进步和实际应用。