auxotrophy

简明释义

英[/ˌɔːkˈsɒtrəfi/]美[/ˌɔːkˈsɒtrəfi/]

n. 营养缺陷体；营养缺陷型

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Methionine synthase is a key enzyme in homocysteine metabolism. The defects of methionine synthase activity could result in hyperhomocysteinemia and methionine auxotrophy.

甲硫氨酸合酶是同型半胱氨酸代谢的关键酶，其活性缺失可能会导致同型半胱氨酸蓄积及甲硫氨酸缺陷。

2.Methionine synthase is a key enzyme in homocysteine metabolism. The defects of methionine synthase activity could result in hyperhomocysteinemia and methionine auxotrophy.

甲硫氨酸合酶是同型半胱氨酸代谢的关键酶，其活性缺失可能会导致同型半胱氨酸蓄积及甲硫氨酸缺陷。

3.The study of auxotrophy revealed that the organism could not synthesize certain essential nutrients.

对营养缺陷性的研究表明，该生物无法合成某些必需的营养素。

4.In genetic experiments, researchers often utilize auxotrophy to identify mutants.

在遗传实验中，研究人员通常利用营养缺陷性来识别突变体。

5.The presence of auxotrophy in yeast can be used to test the effectiveness of different media.

酵母中的营养缺陷性可以用来测试不同培养基的有效性。

6.By inducing auxotrophy, scientists can better understand metabolic pathways.

通过诱导营养缺陷性，科学家可以更好地理解代谢途径。

7.The auxotrophy of the bacteria made it necessary to supplement the growth medium with specific amino acids.

细菌的营养缺陷性使得必须在生长培养基中补充特定的氨基酸。

作文

In the realm of microbiology and genetics, the concept of auxotrophy plays a crucial role in understanding the nutritional requirements of organisms. Auxotrophy refers to the inability of an organism to synthesize a particular compound required for its growth and reproduction, which means that it must obtain this compound from its environment. This characteristic is particularly significant when studying mutants or genetically modified organisms, as it can provide insights into metabolic pathways and genetic functions. For example, many laboratory strains of bacteria are engineered to be auxotrophic for specific nutrients, such as amino acids or vitamins. By creating these strains, researchers can easily identify and isolate genetic mutations that affect metabolic processes. When a bacterium is auxotrophic for a certain nutrient, it will only grow on media supplemented with that nutrient. This allows scientists to track genetic changes by observing whether the bacteria can revert to a prototrophic state—meaning they regain the ability to synthesize the nutrient on their own. The study of auxotrophy also has practical applications in biotechnology. For instance, in the production of pharmaceuticals, genetically modified microorganisms are often used to produce compounds that are otherwise difficult to synthesize. These microorganisms are typically made auxotrophic for certain nutrients to ensure that they do not grow uncontrollably, which could lead to contamination or reduced yield of the desired product. By controlling the growth conditions and nutrient availability, scientists can optimize production processes and enhance the efficiency of biotechnological applications. Moreover, auxotrophy can serve as a powerful tool in evolutionary biology. Researchers can use auxotrophic mutants to study how organisms adapt to different environmental conditions. For instance, if a population of bacteria evolves to survive in a nutrient-poor environment, scientists can investigate the genetic changes that allow them to thrive despite their auxotrophic nature. This research can shed light on the mechanisms of evolution and the adaptive strategies employed by various organisms. In addition to its importance in laboratory settings, auxotrophy also has implications in ecology and environmental science. Understanding how different organisms respond to nutrient availability can help researchers assess ecosystem health and function. For example, certain species may become auxotrophic in response to changes in their habitat, indicating a shift in nutrient dynamics within an ecosystem. By monitoring these changes, scientists can make informed decisions about conservation efforts and ecosystem management. In conclusion, the concept of auxotrophy is fundamental to various fields of biological research, from genetics and microbiology to biotechnology and ecology. Its significance lies in its ability to provide insights into metabolic processes, evolutionary adaptations, and ecological interactions. As our understanding of auxotrophy continues to evolve, it opens up new avenues for research and application, ultimately enhancing our comprehension of life at the molecular level.

在微生物学和遗传学领域，auxotrophy的概念在理解生物体的营养需求方面发挥着至关重要的作用。Auxotrophy指的是生物体无法合成其生长和繁殖所需的特定化合物，这意味着它必须从环境中获得这种化合物。这一特征在研究突变体或基因工程生物时尤为重要，因为它可以提供有关代谢途径和基因功能的见解。 例如，许多实验室菌株的细菌被工程化为对特定营养素（如氨基酸或维生素）呈现auxotrophic特性。通过创建这些菌株，研究人员可以轻松识别和分离影响代谢过程的遗传突变。当细菌对某种营养素呈现auxotrophic特性时，它只能在补充了该营养素的培养基上生长。这使科学家能够通过观察细菌是否能够恢复到原生型状态（即重新获得独立合成该营养素的能力）来追踪遗传变化。 Auxotrophy的研究在生物技术中也具有实际应用。例如，在药物生产中，基因改造的微生物通常被用来生产那些难以合成的化合物。这些微生物通常被制造为对某些营养素呈现auxotrophic特性，以确保它们不会失控生长，这可能导致污染或所需产品的产量减少。通过控制生长条件和营养物质的可用性，科学家可以优化生产过程，提高生物技术应用的效率。 此外，auxotrophy可以作为进化生物学中的一种强大工具。研究人员可以使用auxotrophic突变体来研究生物如何适应不同的环境条件。例如，如果一群细菌进化以在营养贫乏的环境中生存，科学家可以调查使它们尽管具有auxotrophic特性仍能繁荣的遗传变化。这项研究可以阐明进化机制和各种生物所采用的适应策略。 除了在实验室环境中的重要性外，auxotrophy在生态学和环境科学中也具有影响。理解不同生物如何响应营养可用性可以帮助研究人员评估生态系统的健康和功能。例如，某些物种可能会因栖息地的变化而变得auxotrophic，这表明生态系统内营养动力学的变化。通过监测这些变化，科学家可以就保护工作和生态系统管理做出明智的决策。 总之，auxotrophy的概念是生物研究各个领域的基础，从遗传学和微生物学到生物技术和生态学。其重要性在于它能够提供对代谢过程、进化适应和生态相互作用的见解。随着我们对auxotrophy理解的不断发展，它为研究和应用开辟了新的途径，最终增强了我们对分子水平生命的理解。