axone

简明释义

英[ˈæksn]美[ˈæksn]

n. 轴突；神经突

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The neuron transmits signals through the axone, which is essential for communication within the nervous system.

神经元通过轴突传递信号，这对于神经系统内部的交流至关重要。

2.Damage to the axone can lead to severe neurological disorders.

对轴突的损伤可能导致严重的神经系统疾病。

3.Researchers are studying how the regeneration of the axone can help in spinal cord injuries.

研究人员正在研究轴突再生如何有助于脊髓损伤的恢复。

4.The myelin sheath surrounds the axone and increases the speed of signal transmission.

髓鞘包围着轴突，并提高信号传输的速度。

5.In multiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks the myelin around the axone.

在多发性硬化症中，免疫系统攻击包围轴突的髓鞘。

作文

The human brain is a complex organ that serves as the control center for the entire body. One of its most fascinating components is the neuron, which is essential for transmitting information throughout the nervous system. Each neuron consists of several parts, including the cell body, dendrites, and the long, slender projection known as the axone. The axone (轴突) plays a critical role in sending electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. This process is vital for communication within the body and allows us to respond to stimuli effectively. The structure of the axone is designed to facilitate rapid signal transmission. It is typically covered by a fatty layer known as myelin, which acts as an insulator and increases the speed of impulse conduction. The presence of myelin enables the electrical signals to jump between nodes of Ranvier, which are small gaps in the myelin sheath. This jumping mechanism, known as saltatory conduction, allows for faster communication compared to unmyelinated fibers. In addition to its structural properties, the function of the axone is also influenced by various factors, including its diameter and the type of neuron it belongs to. For instance, larger axones can conduct impulses more quickly than smaller ones. This is particularly important in reflex actions, where quick responses are necessary for survival. When a person touches something hot, sensory neurons send signals through their axones to the spinal cord, which then relays the information to motor neurons. This rapid communication allows the body to react swiftly, pulling away from the heat source before any serious injury occurs. However, the health of the axone is crucial for proper nervous system function. Damage to axones can lead to various neurological disorders. For example, multiple sclerosis is a condition characterized by the degeneration of myelin sheaths surrounding axones, resulting in disrupted communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Symptoms may include muscle weakness, coordination problems, and cognitive difficulties. Research into the regeneration of axones is ongoing, as scientists seek to find ways to repair damaged nerves and restore function. Understanding how axones work not only enhances our knowledge of the nervous system but also opens up possibilities for innovative treatments for nerve injuries and diseases. In summary, the axone (轴突) is a fundamental component of neuronal structure and function. Its ability to transmit signals rapidly and efficiently is essential for the body's overall functioning. As we continue to explore the complexities of the nervous system, the study of axones will remain a key area of interest, with the potential to unlock new avenues for medical advancements.