axon

简明释义

英[ˈæksɒn]美[ˈæksɑːn]

n. 轴索，[解剖]轴突（神经细胞）

n. （Axon）人名；（英）阿克森

英英释义

单词用法

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例句

1.Objective: to investigate the autophagic role of neuron axon during regeneration of rat sciatic nerves.

目的：探讨大鼠坐骨神经变性轴突清除中的自噬作用。

2.A neuron has only one axon.

一个神经元只有一个轴突。

3.So, it has an important meaning to identify clearly the pathological change of the axon after injury.

因此，认清神经元在轴突损伤后的病理变化过程具有重要意义。

4.Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is always followed by an irreversible axon degeneration of injured neurons.

成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤，常导致神经元死亡及轴突不可逆的退化。

5.Results the clinical manifestation was consistent with the delayed pericentral distal axon disease.

结果患者临床表现符合迟发性中枢-周围远端型轴索病。

6.Cajal examined nervous tissue from embryos, and noticed that the axon and dendrites grow out of the cell body of the neuron.

卡哈尔在用胚胎观察神经组织时，发现轴突和树突是从胞体上生出的。

7.The axon must be able to withstand stretching.

轴突必须能经得住伸展。

8.The neuron transmits signals through its axon, which is a long, slender projection.

神经元通过其轴突传递信号，这是一种细长的投射。

9.Damage to the axon can lead to impaired motor function.

损伤轴突可能导致运动功能受损。

10.In the nervous system, the axon carries impulses away from the cell body.

在神经系统中，轴突将冲动从细胞体带走。

11.The myelin sheath insulates the axon to speed up signal transmission.

髓鞘对轴突进行绝缘，以加快信号传输速度。

12.Researchers are studying how axons regenerate after injury.

研究人员正在研究轴突在受伤后如何再生。

作文

The nervous system is a complex network that plays a crucial role in our body’s functionality. At the core of this system are neurons, which are specialized cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the body. One of the most important components of a neuron is the axon, which is a long, slender projection that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The axon (轴突) serves as a vital communication pathway, allowing signals to travel rapidly over distances within the body. Each axon can vary in length, with some extending only a few millimeters, while others can reach up to a meter or more, such as those found in the spinal cord. The structure of the axon is designed for efficiency; it is often covered by a fatty layer known as myelin, which acts as an insulator. This myelination increases the speed at which electrical impulses propagate along the axon, making communication between neurons much faster and more efficient. When a neuron fires, it generates an action potential, which is an electrical signal that travels down the axon. This process involves a series of rapid changes in membrane potential, allowing the signal to move quickly towards the axon terminals. At the end of the axon, the electrical impulse triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse, the gap between neurons. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the next neuron, continuing the transmission of the signal. In addition to their role in signal transmission, axons also play a part in the overall health and maintenance of the nervous system. They can regenerate after injury, although this process is much more efficient in peripheral nerves compared to central nervous system axons. Understanding the function and structure of axons is essential for developing treatments for various neurological disorders, as damage to these structures can lead to significant impairments. Research into axon biology has revealed that they can also adapt to changes in activity. For instance, in response to increased signaling demands, axons can undergo structural changes, such as increasing their diameter or altering their branching patterns. This plasticity is crucial for learning and memory, as it allows the nervous system to adjust and optimize its functioning according to experience. In conclusion, the axon (轴突) is a fundamental component of the nervous system, essential for the transmission of signals between neurons. Its unique structure and ability to adapt make it a key player in both normal physiological processes and in the response to injury. As research continues to unravel the complexities of neuronal communication, the importance of axons in maintaining a healthy nervous system becomes increasingly clear. Understanding how axons function not only enhances our knowledge of biology but also opens new avenues for medical advancements in treating neurological diseases.