calque

简明释义

英[kælk]美[kælk]

n. 语义转借；译借；仿造

vt. 转借；仿造

复 数 c a l q u e s

第 三 人 称 单 数 c a l q u e s

现 在 分 词 c a l q u i n g

过 去 式 c a l q u e d

过 去 分 词 c a l q u e d

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.We try doing the further discussion in term of calque, including the source of "vegetable Bird", the mode of combination and the meaning of the vocabulary.

我们仅就“菜鸟”一词的来源、组合方式及语汇意义试从仿词的角度作进一步的探讨。

2.We try doing the further discussion in term of calque, including the source of "vegetable Bird", the mode of combination and the meaning of the vocabulary.

我们仅就“菜鸟”一词的来源、组合方式及语汇意义试从仿词的角度作进一步的探讨。

3.'Traffic calming' is a calque of the German 'Verkehrsberuhigung'.

trafficcalming是由德语Verkehrsberuhigung直译过来的。

4.The term 'skyscraper' is a calque that reflects the idea of a building scraping the sky.

术语“摩天大楼”是一个 calque ，反映了建筑物刮擦天空的概念。

5.In translating 'faux pas', we use a calque that directly means 'false step'.

在翻译“faux pas”时，我们使用一个直接意为“错误步骤”的 calque 。

6.The phrase 'to take a rain check' is often used as a calque in other languages.

短语“下次再说”通常作为其他语言中的 calque 使用。

7.Many legal terms are borrowed as calques from Latin into English.

许多法律术语作为拉丁语的 calques 借用到英语中。

8.In linguistics, a calque is when a phrase is translated word-for-word.

在语言学中， calque 是指短语逐字翻译的情况。

作文

Language is a fascinating aspect of human culture that evolves over time. One of the most interesting phenomena in linguistics is the concept of a calque, which refers to a word or phrase borrowed from another language by translating its components literally. This linguistic strategy allows languages to expand their vocabulary while maintaining a connection to the original language's meaning. For instance, the English term 'skyscraper' can be translated into French as 'gratte-ciel', which is a direct translation of its components: 'gratter' (to scrape) and 'ciel' (sky). This is a perfect example of a calque in action. The use of calques is not limited to individual words; entire phrases can also be borrowed in this way. A well-known example is the English expression 'flea market', which translates into French as 'marché aux puces'. Here, each component of the phrase is translated directly, showcasing how calques can preserve the original meaning while adapting it to the phonetic and grammatical rules of another language. Understanding calques can deepen our appreciation for the interconnectedness of languages. It illustrates how cultures influence one another and how language serves as a bridge between different societies. For instance, many scientific terms in English are calques derived from Latin or Greek. The term 'biography', for example, comes from the Greek words 'bios' (life) and 'graphia' (writing), demonstrating how calques can create new words that resonate with speakers of various languages. In addition to enriching vocabulary, calques can also reflect cultural exchanges. When two cultures come into contact, they often borrow not just words but also concepts. For example, the Chinese term '文化大革命' (Cultural Revolution) is a calque that reflects a specific historical and cultural context. By translating the term literally into other languages, it allows speakers to grasp the significance of the event without losing its original essence. However, the use of calques is not always straightforward. Sometimes, a literal translation can lead to confusion or misinterpretation. For example, the English phrase 'to kick the bucket', which means to die, does not have a direct equivalent in other languages. If translated literally into another language, it might cause bewilderment rather than convey the intended meaning. Therefore, while calques can be a useful tool in language development, they require careful consideration to ensure clarity and understanding. In conclusion, calques are an essential part of linguistic evolution, demonstrating how languages borrow and adapt from one another. They provide insight into cultural interactions and the ways in which people express similar ideas across different languages. As we continue to explore the world of language, recognizing and understanding calques will enhance our appreciation for the rich tapestry of human communication. Whether we are learning a new language or simply engaging with our own, being aware of calques can illuminate the paths of influence and exchange that shape our linguistic landscape.

语言是人类文化中一个迷人的方面，随着时间的推移而不断演变。语言学中一个最有趣的现象是“calque”的概念，它指的是通过逐字翻译其组成部分，从另一种语言借用的单词或短语。这种语言策略使得语言能够扩展其词汇，同时保持与原语言意义的联系。例如，英语术语'skyscraper'可以翻译成法语为'gratte-ciel'，这是其组成部分的直接翻译：'gratter'（刮）和'ciel'（天空）。这是一个完美的“calque”实例。 Calques的使用不仅限于单个单词；整个短语也可以以这种方式借用。一个众所周知的例子是英语表达'flea market'，它翻译成法语为'marché aux puces'。在这里，短语的每个组成部分都是直接翻译的，展示了calques如何在保留原始意义的同时，将其适应到另一种语言的语音和语法规则中。 理解calques可以加深我们对语言相互关联性的欣赏。它说明了文化如何相互影响，以及语言如何作为不同社会之间的桥梁。例如，英语中的许多科学术语是从拉丁语或希腊语衍生的calques。例如，术语'biography'来自希腊词'bios'（生命）和'graphia'（书写），展示了calques如何创造出与各种语言的说话者产生共鸣的新词。 除了丰富词汇外，calques还可以反映文化交流。当两种文化接触时，它们往往不仅借用单词，还借用概念。例如，中文术语'文化大革命'是一个calque，反映了特定的历史和文化背景。通过将该术语逐字翻译成其他语言，它使说话者能够理解事件的重要性，而不会失去其原始本质。 然而，calques的使用并不总是简单的。有时，字面翻译可能导致混淆或误解。例如，英语短语'to kick the bucket'，意思是死去，在其他语言中没有直接的对应物。如果将其逐字翻译成另一种语言，可能会引起困惑，而不是传达预期的含义。因此，虽然calques可以成为语言发展的有用工具，但它们需要仔细考虑，以确保清晰和理解。 总之，calques是语言演变的重要组成部分，展示了语言如何相互借用和适应。它们提供了对文化互动的洞察，以及人们如何在不同语言中表达相似思想。随着我们继续探索语言的世界，认识和理解calques将增强我们对人类交流丰富多彩的欣赏。无论我们是在学习一种新语言，还是仅仅与自己的语言进行交流，意识到calques都能照亮塑造我们语言景观的影响和交流路径。