carbamates

简明释义

英[ˈkɑːb.ə.meɪts]美[ˈkɑr.bəˌmeɪts]

n. [有化]氨基甲酸盐（carbamate 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Many pesticides contain carbamates, which are known for their effectiveness in controlling pests.

许多农药含有氨基甲酸酯，它们以控制害虫的有效性而闻名。

2.Research has shown that certain carbamates can have neurotoxic effects on wildlife.

研究表明，某些氨基甲酸酯可能对野生动物具有神经毒性影响。

3.The use of carbamates in agriculture is regulated due to their potential environmental impact.

由于氨基甲酸酯可能对环境造成影响，其在农业中的使用受到监管。

4.Some medications used to treat anxiety include carbamates as active ingredients.

一些用于治疗焦虑的药物包含氨基甲酸酯作为活性成分。

5.Workers handling carbamates must wear protective gear to avoid exposure.

处理氨基甲酸酯的工人必须穿戴防护装备以避免接触。

作文

Carbamates are a class of chemical compounds that have garnered significant attention in various fields, particularly in agriculture and medicine. These compounds are derived from carbamic acid and are characterized by the presence of the functional group -NH2COO-. One of the most notable applications of carbamates (氨基甲酸酯) is as pesticides, where they serve as effective agents in controlling pests and insects that threaten crops. The mechanism of action for carbamates is primarily through the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which plays a crucial role in nerve function. By blocking this enzyme, carbamates disrupt the normal signaling process in pests, leading to paralysis and ultimately death. This makes them highly effective in agricultural settings, where the need for pest control is paramount. In addition to their use in agriculture, carbamates also find applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Several drugs that belong to this class are used to treat conditions such as glaucoma and myasthenia gravis. For instance, the drug physostigmine is a well-known carbamate (氨基甲酸酯) that has been used to manage symptoms associated with these conditions. The ability of carbamates to inhibit acetylcholinesterase is beneficial in medical treatments, as it enhances the levels of acetylcholine in the body, improving communication between nerve cells. However, despite their effectiveness, the use of carbamates raises concerns regarding safety and environmental impact. Many carbamates are known to be toxic not only to target pests but also to non-target organisms, including beneficial insects, birds, and even humans. This has led to increased scrutiny and regulation of carbamates in agricultural practices. Farmers and agricultural professionals must balance the need for effective pest control with the potential risks associated with the use of these chemicals. Moreover, the persistence of carbamates in the environment can lead to contamination of soil and water sources, posing further risks to ecosystems. Research is ongoing to develop safer alternatives to traditional carbamates, as well as to create formulations that minimize their environmental impact. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are being promoted, which combine biological control, habitat manipulation, and the careful use of chemical controls to reduce reliance on carbamates and other synthetic pesticides. In conclusion, carbamates (氨基甲酸酯) are important chemical compounds with diverse applications in agriculture and medicine. Their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase makes them effective in controlling pests and treating certain medical conditions. However, the potential risks associated with their use necessitate careful management and the exploration of safer alternatives. As our understanding of these compounds deepens, it is essential to strike a balance between their benefits and the potential hazards they pose to health and the environment.

氨基甲酸酯是一类化合物，在农业和医学等多个领域引起了广泛关注。这些化合物源自氨基甲酸，其特征是具有功能团-NH2COO-。其中一个显著的应用是作为农药，氨基甲酸酯在控制威胁农作物的害虫和昆虫方面非常有效。氨基甲酸酯的作用机制主要是通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶这种在神经功能中起关键作用的酶。通过阻断这种酶，氨基甲酸酯扰乱了害虫正常的信号传递过程，导致麻痹和最终死亡。这使得它们在农业环境中非常有效，因为需要控制害虫。 除了在农业中的应用外，氨基甲酸酯还在制药行业中发挥作用。几种属于这一类的药物被用于治疗青光眼和重症肌无力等疾病。例如，药物physostigmine是一种知名的氨基甲酸酯，被用来管理与这些疾病相关的症状。氨基甲酸酯抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的能力在医疗治疗中是有益的，因为它提高了体内乙酰胆碱的水平，改善了神经细胞之间的通讯。 然而，尽管氨基甲酸酯有效，但其使用引发了安全性和环境影响方面的担忧。许多氨基甲酸酯已知对目标害虫以外的非目标生物，包括有益昆虫、鸟类甚至人类都是有毒的。这导致了对氨基甲酸酯在农业实践中使用的越来越多的审查和监管。农民和农业专业人士必须平衡有效的害虫控制与使用这些化学品可能带来的风险。 此外，氨基甲酸酯在环境中的持久性可能导致土壤和水源的污染，从而对生态系统造成进一步的风险。研究正在进行中，以开发比传统氨基甲酸酯更安全的替代品，以及创造能够最小化其环境影响的配方。综合害虫管理（IPM）策略正在推广，结合生物控制、栖息地调节和谨慎使用化学控制，以减少对氨基甲酸酯和其他合成农药的依赖。 总之，氨基甲酸酯是一类重要的化学化合物，在农业和医学中具有多样的应用。它们抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的能力使其在控制害虫和治疗某些医疗条件方面有效。然而，使用它们所带来的潜在风险需要谨慎管理，并探索更安全的替代品。随着我们对这些化合物理解的加深，必须在它们的好处与对健康和环境潜在危害之间找到平衡。