carbene

简明释义

英[/ˈkɑːrbiːn/]美[/ˈkɑːrbiːn/]

n. [有化] 碳烯

英英释义

单词用法

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例句

1.N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes have catalytic activities for many organic reactions, and they are a type of catalyst with potential value.

杂环卡宾金属络合物对许多反应有催化作用，它们是一类有潜在应用价值的催化剂。

2.Carbene and silylene are two kinds of reactive activity intermediates which belong to carbide and silicide separately, but they are quite similar.

碳烯和硅烯是分属于碳化物和硅化物中的两类反应活性中间体。两者甚为相似。

3.The invention discloses a cyclic n-heterocyclic double-carbene metal complex which is connected through alkyl chain, a preparation method and the application.

本发明公开了通过烷基链连接的环状氮杂环双卡宾金属配合物及其制备方法与应 用。

4.Because N-heterocyclic carbene has very high activity of reaction, it can react with all elements in periodical table.

杂环卡宾的反应性能较高，它们与周期表中几乎所有的元素都能发生反应。

5.The basic state of carbene is singlet or triplet.

卡宾的基态有单线态和三线态两种状态。

6.Also disclosed are methods of making the carbene compounds.

还公开了制备卡宾化合物的方法。

7.Ring closing metathesis (RCM) of dienes to cycloalkene provides an important tool for C-C double bond formation catalyzed by metal carbene.

关环转换反应是形成碳碳双键的重要反应之一，即双烯化合物在金属碳烯催化下关环得到环烯类化合物。

8.The PET-recycling catalyst, a type of molecule called a carbene, was inspired by vitamin B1, says Stanford chemistry professor Robert Waymouth.

Stanford的化学专家Robert Waymout hPET说，PET循环催化剂，是一种叫卡宾的分子，设计灵感来源于维生素b1。

9.In organic chemistry, a stable carbene 亚甲基 can be generated through the decomposition of diazo compounds.

在有机化学中，可以通过重氮化合物的分解生成一个稳定的carbene 亚甲基。

10.The reaction mechanism involves a carbene 亚甲基 intermediate that facilitates the formation of new bonds.

反应机制涉及一个carbene 亚甲基 中间体，它促进了新键的形成。

11.Researchers are exploring the use of carbenes 亚甲基 in catalysis to improve reaction efficiency.

研究人员正在探索使用carbenes 亚甲基 在催化中的应用，以提高反应效率。

12.A carbene 亚甲基 can act as a nucleophile in various chemical reactions.

一个carbene 亚甲基 可以在各种化学反应中作为亲核试剂。

13.The stability of carbenes 亚甲基 is crucial for their application in synthetic organic chemistry.

对于它们在合成有机化学中的应用，carbenes 亚甲基 的稳定性至关重要。

作文

Carbenes are fascinating species in the realm of organic chemistry, characterized by their unique structure and reactivity. A carbene is a neutral molecule that contains a carbon atom with only six valence electrons, resulting in a divalent state. This unusual electronic configuration gives carbenes their remarkable properties, making them valuable intermediates in various chemical reactions. They can exist in two forms: singlet and triplet states. The singlet carbene has both of its non-bonding electrons paired in one orbital, while the triplet carbene has these electrons unpaired and occupying different orbitals. This difference in electron configuration significantly influences their reactivity and the types of reactions they undergo. One of the most intriguing aspects of carbenes is their ability to act as nucleophiles, electrophiles, or even radical species, depending on the reaction conditions. For instance, when carbenes react with alkenes, they can add across the double bond, leading to the formation of cyclopropanes, which are three-membered cyclic compounds. This reaction is particularly useful in synthetic organic chemistry, where carbenes are employed to create complex molecular architectures. Moreover, carbenes play a crucial role in the field of catalysis. Transition metal complexes containing carbenes, known as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), have gained significant attention due to their stability and effectiveness as ligands. These NHCs can stabilize reactive metal centers, enhancing their catalytic activity in various reactions, such as cross-coupling and polymerization processes. The versatility of carbenes extends beyond traditional organic synthesis; they are also being explored in materials science and medicinal chemistry. In addition to their synthetic applications, carbenes have been the subject of extensive theoretical studies aimed at understanding their fundamental properties. Computational chemistry has provided insights into the electronic structure and reactivity patterns of carbenes, allowing chemists to predict their behavior in different environments. This knowledge is essential for designing new reactions and optimizing existing ones. Despite their potential, working with carbenes can be challenging due to their high reactivity and tendency to dimerize or polymerize. As a result, chemists often utilize strategies to generate and trap carbenes in situ, enabling them to study these elusive species under controlled conditions. Techniques such as photolysis or thermolysis of precursors are commonly employed to generate carbenes on demand, facilitating their use in various chemical transformations. In conclusion, carbenes are remarkable entities in organic chemistry, offering a wealth of opportunities for researchers and practitioners alike. Their unique electronic structure, diverse reactivity, and potential applications in catalysis and materials science make them a subject of ongoing investigation. As our understanding of carbenes continues to evolve, it is likely that new and innovative uses for these versatile species will emerge, further expanding their significance in the field of chemistry.

卡宾是有机化学领域中引人入胜的物质，其独特的结构和反应性使其备受关注。卡宾是一种中性分子，包含一个只有六个价电子的碳原子，导致其处于二价状态。这种不寻常的电子构型赋予了卡宾显著的特性，使其成为各种化学反应中的宝贵中间体。卡宾可以以两种形式存在：单态和三态。单态卡宾的两个非键合电子成对存在于一个轨道中，而三态卡宾的这些电子则未成对并占据不同的轨道。这种电子构型的差异显著影响了它们的反应性及其所参与的反应类型。 卡宾最引人注目的方面之一是它们在反应条件下能够作为亲核试剂、亲电试剂甚至自由基物质。例如，当卡宾与烯烃反应时，它们可以在双键上加成，形成环丙烷，这是三元环状化合物。这种反应在合成有机化学中尤其有用，其中卡宾被用于创造复杂的分子结构。 此外，卡宾在催化领域也发挥着关键作用。含有卡宾的过渡金属络合物，被称为N-杂环卡宾（NHC），因其稳定性和作为配体的有效性而受到广泛关注。这些NHC能够稳定反应性的金属中心，从而增强其在交叉偶联和聚合过程等各种反应中的催化活性。卡宾的多样性超越了传统的有机合成；它们也在材料科学和药物化学中得到探索。 除了合成应用，卡宾也成为广泛理论研究的对象，旨在理解其基本属性。计算化学提供了对卡宾的电子结构和反应模式的深入见解，使化学家能够预测其在不同环境中的行为。这些知识对于设计新反应和优化现有反应至关重要。 尽管具有潜力，但由于其高反应性和倾向于二聚或聚合，与卡宾的工作可能会面临挑战。因此，化学家通常利用策略在原位生成和捕获卡宾，使他们能够在控制条件下研究这些难以捉摸的物质。诸如前体的光解或热解等技术通常被用来按需生成卡宾，便于其在各种化学转化中的应用。 总之，卡宾是有机化学中显著的实体，为研究人员和从业者提供了丰富的机会。其独特的电子结构、多样的反应性以及在催化和材料科学中的潜在应用使其成为持续研究的课题。随着我们对卡宾理解的不断深入，新的创新应用可能会出现，进一步扩展其在化学领域的重要性。