commons

简明释义

英[ˈkɒmənz]美[ˈkɑːmənz]

n. 平民百姓

n. （Commons）人名；（英）康芒斯

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.She was the first woman from Quebec elected to the House of Commons.

她是魁北克当选为下议院议员的第一名妇女。

2.The Commons, recently disgraced by an expenses scandal, will also face tougher rules.

最近饱尝“报销门”耻辱的议会下院也将同样面临更加严厉的约束。

3.The abortion debate came at the end of two hotly contested days in the House of Commons.

堕胎法的争论经过国会众议院的两天激烈辩论后落下帷幕。

4.The commons is next to the gym.

学生公共食堂在体育馆的旁边。

5.Big Ben's movement has caused cracks in the walls of other parts of the House of Commons, including corridors where ministers have their offices.

大本钟的运动造成了下议院其它部分墙面出现裂纹，其中包括大臣办公室的走廊墙面。

6.The latest disclosures were made in the House of Commons on July 7th.

最近的事实披露7月7日发生了英国下议院。

7.Much of its support comes from those who would vote Conservative in a Commons election.

其大部分支持来自想在下议院选举中本来要投保守党一票的人。

8.The abortion debate came at the end of two hotly contested days in the House of Commons.

堕胎法的争论经过国会众议院的两天激烈辩论后落下帷幕。

9."We've got a societal debate going on about access to our public commons, as it were, about famous faces," says Lilian Edwards at Newcastle University.

纽卡斯尔大学的莉莉安·爱德华兹说：“我们就公众使用权展开了一场社会辩论，就比如名人肖像方面的讨论。”

10.The university has a large commons 公共区域 where students can gather and study.

这所大学有一个大型的commons 公共区域，学生可以在这里聚会和学习。

11.In our town, the local park serves as a commons 公共场所 for community events.

在我们镇上，当地公园作为社区活动的commons 公共场所。

12.The commons 公共资源 are vital for sustaining our environment.

这些commons 公共资源对维持我们的环境至关重要。

13.We need to protect our digital commons 公共资源 from privatization.

我们需要保护我们的数字commons 公共资源，避免其私有化。

14.Many universities have a dining commons 餐饮区 for students and staff.

许多大学都有一个供学生和教职员工使用的餐饮commons 餐饮区。

作文

In many societies, the concept of the commons (公共资源) plays a crucial role in understanding how resources are shared and managed. The commons refers to resources that are accessible to all members of a society, such as air, water, and public land. These resources are not owned by any single individual but are meant to be used collectively. The idea of the commons has been a topic of discussion among economists, environmentalists, and social scientists for centuries, as it raises important questions about sustainability, equity, and governance. Historically, the commons were often associated with land used for grazing livestock or growing crops. In medieval England, for example, common lands were shared by local villagers who relied on these areas for their livelihoods. However, over time, the privatization of these lands led to significant changes in how resources were managed and allocated. This shift sparked debates about the importance of preserving the commons and ensuring that they remain available for future generations. Today, the commons encompasses a wide array of resources, including digital information, cultural heritage, and biodiversity. The rise of the internet has transformed our understanding of the commons, as it allows for the free sharing of knowledge and information. Open-source software, for instance, is a modern example of a digital commons, where developers collaborate to create and improve software that anyone can use and modify. However, the challenge of managing the commons remains. Individuals often act in their own self-interest, leading to overexploitation and degradation of shared resources. This phenomenon is known as the 'tragedy of the commons' (公共资源的悲剧), a term coined by ecologist Garrett Hardin in 1968. Hardin argued that without regulation or collective management, individuals would inevitably deplete shared resources, resulting in long-term harm to the community. To address these challenges, various governance models have been proposed. Elinor Ostrom, a political economist and Nobel laureate, conducted extensive research on how communities successfully manage their commons. She identified key principles that contribute to effective management, such as clearly defined boundaries, collective decision-making, and the ability to adapt rules based on changing circumstances. Ostrom’s work highlights the importance of local knowledge and community involvement in sustaining the commons. Furthermore, the concept of the commons is increasingly relevant in discussions about climate change and environmental justice. As global challenges threaten our shared resources, it becomes essential to recognize the interconnectedness of our actions and their impact on the commons. Collaborative efforts, such as international treaties and local conservation initiatives, aim to protect these vital resources for the benefit of all. In conclusion, the commons (公共资源) is a fundamental concept that underscores the importance of shared resources in our society. Understanding the dynamics of the commons can help us navigate the complexities of resource management and promote sustainable practices. As we face pressing global challenges, fostering a sense of collective responsibility towards the commons will be crucial in ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.

在许多社会中，commons（公共资源）这一概念在理解资源的共享与管理方面发挥着至关重要的作用。commons是指所有社会成员都可以接触的资源，如空气、水和公共土地。这些资源不属于任何个人，而是旨在集体使用。commons的理念在经济学家、环境保护主义者和社会科学家之间已经讨论了几个世纪，因为它引发了关于可持续性、公平性和治理的重要问题。 历史上，commons通常与用于放牧牲畜或种植作物的土地相关联。例如，在中世纪的英格兰，公用土地由依赖这些区域谋生的当地村民共享。然而，随着时间的推移，这些土地的私有化导致了资源管理和分配方式的重大变化。这一转变引发了关于保护commons的重要性以及确保它们在未来几代人中保持可用性的辩论。 如今，commons涵盖了广泛的资源，包括数字信息、文化遗产和生物多样性。互联网的兴起改变了我们对commons的理解，因为它允许知识和信息的自由共享。例如，开源软件就是现代数字commons的一个例子，开发者合作创建和改进任何人都可以使用和修改的软件。 然而，管理commons的挑战仍然存在。个人往往出于自身利益行事，导致共享资源的过度开发和退化。这种现象被称为“commons的悲剧”，这是生态学家加雷特·哈丁在1968年提出的一个术语。哈丁认为，如果没有监管或集体管理，个人最终会耗尽共享资源，从而对社区造成长期伤害。 为了应对这些挑战，各种治理模型被提出。诺贝尔经济学奖得主埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆对如何成功管理commons进行了广泛的研究。她确定了一些有助于有效管理的关键原则，例如明确的边界、集体决策和根据情况变化调整规则的能力。奥斯特罗姆的工作强调了地方知识和社区参与在维持commons中的重要性。 此外，commons的概念在气候变化和环境正义的讨论中越来越相关。随着全球挑战威胁到我们的共享资源，认识到我们行为的相互联系及其对commons的影响变得至关重要。国际条约和地方保护倡议等合作努力旨在保护这些对所有人有利的宝贵资源。 总之，commons（公共资源）是一个根本概念，强调了我们社会中共享资源的重要性。理解commons的动态可以帮助我们驾驭资源管理的复杂性并促进可持续实践。面对紧迫的全球挑战，培养对commons的集体责任感对于确保未来几代人的可持续发展至关重要。