countercyclical

简明释义

英[ˌkaʊntəˈsɪklɪkəl]美[ˌkaʊntərˈsaɪklɪkəl]

adj. 反周期的（与商业周期既定阶段发展方向相反的）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Graduate admissions are countercyclical — meaning that they move in the opposite direction of the economic cycle, business schools and economists say.

商学院和经济学家说，研究生入学人数是反经济周期的，也就是说，它与经济景气程度背道而驰。

2."There are just too many powerful countercyclical policies in place that will prevent the worst-case scenario," he says.

他说，如此众多而有力的反周期政策逐步到位，这将有助于防止最糟糕情况的出现。

3.'There are some companies that are countercyclical,' says Mr.

塞德尔说：“有些公司是逆势而行的。”

4.Countercyclical policy primarily consists of raising any type of spending; all is equally valuable in terms of countering a recession.

逆周期政策主要就是增加各类支出；在对付衰退上，各类支出都很重要。

5.Long known for championing fiscal stringency, the fund has recommended that Tanzania and Mozambique consider countercyclical fiscal expansions.

一向以主张银根紧缩而出名的IMF也建议坦桑尼亚和莫桑比克考虑一下反周期的财政扩张政策。

6.Of course, firms with countercyclical activities, such as bankruptcy work, have fared better.

当然，从事反周期业务的事务所(和周期性金融形势相反)，例如从事破产清算业务，盈利情况就相对较好。

7.The government implemented a countercyclical policy to stimulate the economy during the recession.

政府实施了一项反周期政策，以在经济衰退期间刺激经济。

8.Investors often seek countercyclical investments that perform well during economic downturns.

投资者通常寻找在经济下行期间表现良好的反周期投资。

9.Many economists advocate for countercyclical fiscal policies to stabilize the economy.

许多经济学家主张采取反周期财政政策以稳定经济。

10.During periods of high unemployment, countercyclical measures can help create jobs.

在高失业率时期，反周期措施可以帮助创造就业机会。

11.The central bank's countercyclical interest rate adjustments aim to control inflation.

中央银行的反周期利率调整旨在控制通货膨胀。

作文

In the realm of economics, the concept of countercyclical policies plays a crucial role in stabilizing the economy during periods of economic fluctuations. These policies are designed to counteract the cyclical nature of economic activity, which often leads to booms and busts. When the economy is in a downturn, countercyclical measures aim to stimulate growth, while in times of expansion, they seek to cool down overheated markets. This dual approach helps maintain a more balanced economic environment, reducing the severity of economic cycles. For instance, during a recession, governments may implement countercyclical fiscal policies such as increased public spending or tax cuts. These actions are intended to boost demand and encourage consumer spending, ultimately leading to job creation and economic recovery. On the other hand, during periods of economic growth, countercyclical policies might involve raising taxes or cutting public spending to prevent inflation and maintain sustainable growth rates. The effectiveness of countercyclical policies can be observed in various economic scenarios. For example, during the 2008 financial crisis, many countries adopted countercyclical measures to mitigate the impacts of the recession. These included stimulus packages aimed at reviving the economy. The results showed that such interventions could effectively shorten the duration of economic downturns and set the stage for recovery. However, implementing countercyclical policies is not without challenges. One significant hurdle is the timing of these measures. Policymakers must act swiftly and decisively to ensure that their interventions are effective. If they wait too long, the economy may already be on the path to recovery, rendering their efforts unnecessary. Conversely, if they act too quickly, they risk exacerbating inflation or creating unsustainable debt levels. Moreover, the political landscape can also influence the implementation of countercyclical policies. In democratic societies, policymakers may face pressure to prioritize short-term gains over long-term stability, leading to decisions that could undermine the effectiveness of countercyclical measures. Thus, it is essential for leaders to maintain a long-term perspective when crafting economic policies. Another critical aspect of countercyclical policies is their impact on social welfare. By providing support during economic downturns, these policies can help protect the most vulnerable populations from the adverse effects of recessions. For instance, unemployment benefits and social assistance programs can serve as vital safety nets, ensuring that individuals and families have access to basic needs even in tough economic times. In conclusion, countercyclical policies are essential tools for managing economic fluctuations. They help stabilize the economy by promoting growth during downturns and preventing overheating during expansions. While there are challenges in their implementation, the benefits of countercyclical measures in fostering economic resilience and protecting vulnerable populations cannot be overstated. As we navigate the complexities of the global economy, understanding and applying countercyclical strategies will be crucial for achieving sustainable growth and stability.

在经济领域，countercyclical政策的概念在经济波动期间起着至关重要的作用。这些政策旨在抵消经济活动的周期性特征，这往往导致繁荣与萧条。当经济处于低迷状态时，countercyclical措施旨在刺激增长，而在扩张时期，它们则旨在冷却过热的市场。这种双重方法有助于维持更平衡的经济环境，减少经济周期的严重性。 例如，在经济衰退期间，政府可能会实施countercyclical财政政策，如增加公共支出或减税。这些举措旨在提升需求并鼓励消费者支出，从而最终导致创造就业和经济复苏。另一方面，在经济增长期间，countercyclical政策可能涉及提高税收或减少公共支出，以防止通货膨胀并维持可持续的增长率。 countercyclical政策的有效性可以在各种经济情景中观察到。例如，在2008年金融危机期间，许多国家采取了countercyclical措施以减轻衰退的影响。这些措施包括旨在复兴经济的刺激计划。结果表明，这种干预措施可以有效缩短经济低迷的持续时间，并为复苏奠定基础。 然而，实施countercyclical政策并非没有挑战。一个重要的障碍是这些措施的时机。政策制定者必须迅速果断地采取行动，以确保他们的干预措施有效。如果他们等待太久，经济可能已经走上复苏的道路，使他们的努力变得不必要。相反，如果他们行动过快，则可能会加剧通货膨胀或造成不可持续的债务水平。 此外，政治环境也会影响countercyclical政策的实施。在民主社会中，政策制定者可能面临优先考虑短期收益而非长期稳定的压力，导致可能削弱countercyclical措施有效性的决策。因此，领导者在制定经济政策时保持长期视角至关重要。 countercyclical政策的另一个关键方面是其对社会福利的影响。通过在经济低迷期间提供支持，这些政策可以帮助保护最脆弱的人群免受衰退的不利影响。例如，失业救济金和社会援助计划可以作为重要的安全网，确保个人和家庭即使在经济困难时期也能获得基本生活需求。 总之，countercyclical政策是管理经济波动的重要工具。它们通过在低迷期间促进增长和防止扩张期间的过热来帮助稳定经济。尽管在实施过程中存在挑战，但countercyclical措施在促进经济韧性和保护脆弱人群方面的好处不容小觑。在我们应对全球经济复杂性时，理解和应用countercyclical战略对于实现可持续增长和稳定至关重要。