craniology

简明释义

英[ˌkreɪnɪˈɒlədʒɪ]美[ˌkrenəˈɑlədʒi]

n. 头骨学；头盖学

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Craniology, phrenology and eugenics, once-respectable fields of endeavour that are now regarded with a shudder, may shriek from time to time, but few sane people pay attention to them.

颅，颅相学和优生学，曾经让人倾尽努力研究的体面领域现如今让人不寒而粟，锁在阁楼里偶尔会尖叫两声，但很少有正常的人会注意到他们。

2.Craniology, phrenology and eugenics, once-respectable fields of endeavour that are now regarded with a shudder, may shriek from time to time, but few sane people pay attention to them.

颅，颅相学和优生学，曾经让人倾尽努力研究的体面领域现如今让人不寒而粟，锁在阁楼里偶尔会尖叫两声，但很少有正常的人会注意到他们。

3.The study of human skull shapes is a key aspect of craniology.

人类头骨形状的研究是颅学的一个关键方面。

4.In ancient times, craniology was often used to determine intelligence based on skull size.

在古代，颅学常用于根据头骨大小来判断智力。

5.Modern craniology has evolved to incorporate advanced imaging techniques.

现代颅学已经发展到结合先进的成像技术。

6.Some anthropologists use craniology to study the evolution of human species.

一些人类学家使用颅学研究人类物种的进化。

7.The museum's exhibit on craniology highlighted various skulls from different cultures.

博物馆关于颅学的展览展示了来自不同文化的各种头骨。

作文

Craniology is a term that refers to the study of the shape and size of the skull, particularly in relation to the human species. This field of study has its roots in anthropology and has been used historically to draw conclusions about intelligence, behavior, and even personality traits based on cranial measurements. However, it is essential to approach this topic with caution, as many of the early theories associated with craniology (颅骨学) have been debunked or criticized for their lack of scientific rigor and ethical implications. The origins of craniology (颅骨学) can be traced back to the 19th century when scientists like Franz Joseph Gall introduced the concept of phrenology. Gall believed that the bumps and indentations on the skull could reveal information about an individual's character and mental faculties. This idea gained popularity, leading to various studies that attempted to correlate cranial features with intelligence. Unfortunately, these theories were often based on flawed methodologies and biases, which ultimately led to the discrediting of craniology (颅骨学) as a legitimate science. In modern times, craniology (颅骨学) has evolved into a more refined discipline that focuses on the anatomical and physiological aspects of the skull. Researchers now utilize advanced imaging techniques, such as CT scans and MRI, to study cranial morphology. These methods allow for a more accurate understanding of how the skull develops and changes over time, providing insights into various medical conditions and evolutionary biology. One significant application of craniology (颅骨学) today is in the field of forensic science. Forensic anthropologists often analyze skeletal remains to determine the age, sex, and ancestry of individuals based on cranial features. This information can be crucial in criminal investigations and archaeological studies, helping to piece together historical narratives and solve modern mysteries. Despite its advancements, the legacy of craniology (颅骨学) still lingers, particularly when discussing the ethical implications of studying human skulls. The misuse of cranial measurements to promote racial superiority or inferiority has left a dark mark on the history of this field. As a result, contemporary researchers must navigate these sensitive issues carefully, ensuring that their work adheres to ethical standards and promotes a more inclusive understanding of human diversity. In conclusion, craniology (颅骨学) is a complex and evolving field that has undergone significant changes since its inception. While the early practices of measuring skulls to draw conclusions about human behavior have largely been discredited, modern techniques have opened new avenues for research and understanding. By focusing on the anatomical and physiological aspects of the skull, contemporary craniology (颅骨学) contributes valuable insights to fields such as medicine, anthropology, and forensic science. However, it is crucial to remain aware of the historical context and ethical considerations surrounding this discipline, ensuring that future research fosters a respectful and accurate portrayal of human diversity.

颅骨学是一个术语，指的是研究头骨的形状和大小，特别是与人类物种相关的领域。这一研究领域起源于人类学，历史上曾用于根据颅骨测量得出关于智力、行为甚至个性特征的结论。然而，必须谨慎对待这一主题，因为与颅骨学（craniology）相关的许多早期理论因缺乏科学严谨性和伦理影响而受到驳斥或批评。 颅骨学（craniology）的起源可以追溯到19世纪，当时像弗朗茨·约瑟夫·伽尔这样的科学家提出了颅相学的概念。伽尔认为，头骨上的凸起和凹陷可以揭示个人的性格和心理能力。这一观点获得了广泛的关注，导致各种研究试图将颅骨特征与智力相关联。不幸的是，这些理论往往基于有缺陷的方法论和偏见，最终导致颅骨学（craniology）作为一种合法科学的失信。 在现代，颅骨学（craniology）发展成为一个更为精细的学科，专注于头骨的解剖和生理方面。研究人员现在利用先进的成像技术，如CT扫描和MRI，来研究颅骨形态。这些方法使我们能够更准确地理解头骨如何随着时间的发展和变化，从而提供有关各种医学状况和进化生物学的见解。 今天，颅骨学（craniology）的一个重要应用是在法医学领域。法医人类学家经常分析骨骼遗骸，以根据颅骨特征确定个体的年龄、性别和祖先。这些信息在刑事调查和考古研究中至关重要，有助于拼凑历史叙事和解决现代谜团。 尽管取得了进展，但颅骨学（craniology）的遗产仍然存在，特别是在讨论研究人类头骨的伦理影响时。利用颅骨测量来促进种族优越性或劣势的错误使用给这一领域的历史留下了阴暗的印记。因此，当代研究人员必须小心处理这些敏感问题，确保他们的工作遵循伦理标准，并促进对人类多样性更具包容性的理解。 总之，颅骨学（craniology）是一个复杂且不断发展的领域，自其诞生以来经历了重大变化。尽管早期通过测量头骨得出关于人类行为的结论在很大程度上已被驳斥，但现代技术为研究和理解开辟了新的途径。通过关注头骨的解剖和生理特征，当代颅骨学（craniology）为医学、人类学和法医学等领域提供了宝贵的见解。然而，务必意识到这一学科的历史背景和伦理考虑，确保未来的研究促进对人类多样性的尊重和准确描述。