defeasibility

简明释义

英[/dɪˈfiːzəˌbɪlɪti/]美[/dɪˈfiːzəˌbɪlɪti/]

n. 可废除性

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.It also discusses the characteristics of presupposition: the defeasibility and projection problem.

还就预设的特点，可取消性和投射问题加以论述。

2.It also discusses the characteristics of presupposition: the defeasibility and projection problem.

还就预设的特点，可取消性和投射问题加以论述。

3.The contract included a clause about the defeasibility of terms under certain conditions.

合同中包含了一条关于在特定条件下条款的可撤销性的条款。

4.In law, the defeasibility of a right means that it can be overridden by a stronger legal principle.

在法律中，权利的可撤销性意味着它可以被更强的法律原则推翻。

5.The concept of defeasibility is crucial in understanding how legal obligations can change over time.

理解法律义务如何随时间变化的过程中，可撤销性的概念至关重要。

6.During negotiations, we discussed the defeasibility of certain provisions in the agreement.

在谈判中，我们讨论了协议中某些条款的可撤销性。

7.The defeasibility of a promise can affect its enforceability in court.

承诺的可撤销性可能会影响其在法庭上的可执行性。

作文

In the realm of philosophy and law, the concept of defeasibility plays a crucial role in understanding the nature of arguments and legal principles. Defeasibility refers to the possibility that a certain justification or argument can be invalidated or rendered ineffective under specific circumstances. This notion is particularly important in discussions about the validity of legal rules and ethical norms. For instance, a legal principle may hold true in general situations but could be subject to exceptions that demonstrate its defeasibility. To illustrate this idea, consider the principle of 'innocent until proven guilty' in the judicial system. This principle is fundamental to ensuring fairness in legal proceedings. However, there are exceptional cases where this presumption may be challenged, such as when overwhelming evidence suggests guilt. In such instances, the principle exhibits defeasibility because it can be overridden by stronger evidence. Thus, while the presumption of innocence is a cornerstone of justice, it is not absolute and can be defeated by compelling proof. Moreover, defeasibility is also relevant in the context of moral philosophy. Ethical theories often propose certain actions as inherently right or wrong. However, real-world situations frequently present complexities that challenge these ethical absolutes. For example, lying is generally considered morally wrong. Yet, in situations where telling the truth could lead to significant harm, such as revealing a location of a person in danger, the moral rule against lying may be deemed defeasible. Here, the ethical norm can be set aside in favor of a greater good, illustrating how moral claims may possess a degree of defeasibility. Understanding defeasibility enables individuals to navigate complex scenarios where rigid adherence to rules may not yield the best outcomes. It encourages critical thinking and allows for flexibility in reasoning. In legal contexts, recognizing the defeasibility of certain laws can lead to more equitable judgments. Judges and juries must often weigh the nuances of each case, understanding that the application of law may not be straightforward and that exceptions exist. Additionally, in academic discourse, acknowledging the defeasibility of arguments fosters a more robust debate. Scholars and students alike are encouraged to consider counterarguments and the conditions under which a given claim might fail. This practice enriches discussions and leads to deeper insights, as it compels individuals to engage with the material critically rather than passively accept established notions. In conclusion, the concept of defeasibility serves as a vital tool for both legal and philosophical inquiry. It reminds us that many principles we hold dear are not immutable and that exceptions can often reveal the complexities of human experience. By embracing the notion of defeasibility, we cultivate a more nuanced understanding of justice, ethics, and argumentation, ultimately leading to more thoughtful and informed decision-making in our personal and professional lives.

在哲学和法律领域，defeasibility（可驳性）的概念在理解论证和法律原则的性质方面发挥着至关重要的作用。Defeasibility指的是某种辩护或论点在特定情况下可能被无效化或变得无效的可能性。这个概念在讨论法律规则和伦理规范的有效性时尤为重要。例如，某个法律原则在一般情况下可能是正确的，但可能会有例外情况表明其defeasibility。 为了说明这一观点，考虑到司法系统中的“无罪推定”原则。这个原则对于确保法律程序的公正至关重要。然而，在某些特殊情况下，这一推定可能受到挑战，比如当压倒性的证据表明有罪时。在这种情况下，该原则表现出defeasibility，因为它可以被更强有力的证据所推翻。因此，尽管无罪推定是正义的基石，但它并不是绝对的，可以被有力的证据所击败。 此外，defeasibility在道德哲学的背景下也相关。伦理理论通常提出某些行为固有地是对的或错的。然而，现实世界的情况常常呈现出复杂性，挑战这些伦理绝对。例如，撒谎通常被认为是道德上错误的。然而，在某些情况下，讲真话可能会导致重大伤害，例如揭露一个处于危险中的人的位置，此时反对撒谎的道德规则可能被认为是可defeasible的。在这里，伦理规范可以为了更大的善而被搁置，说明道德主张可能具有一定程度的defeasibility。 理解defeasibility使个人能够在僵化遵循规则可能无法产生最佳结果的复杂场景中进行导航。它鼓励批判性思维，并允许推理中的灵活性。在法律背景下，认识到某些法律的defeasibility可以导致更公正的判决。法官和陪审团往往必须权衡每个案件的细微差别，理解法律的适用可能并不简单，并且存在例外。 此外，在学术讨论中，承认论点的defeasibility促进了更为丰富的辩论。学者和学生都被鼓励考虑反论点以及在何种条件下某一主张可能失败。这种做法丰富了讨论，导致更深刻的见解，因为它迫使个体批判性地参与材料，而不是被动地接受既定观念。 总之，defeasibility的概念作为法律和哲学探究的重要工具。它提醒我们，许多我们珍视的原则并非不可改变，例外往往能揭示人类经验的复杂性。通过接受defeasibility的概念，我们培养了对正义、伦理和论证的更细致的理解，最终在个人和职业生活中导致更深思熟虑和信息丰富的决策。