deviance

简明释义

英[ˈdiːviəns]美[ˈdiːviəns]

n. 异常；异常行为

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1."I think people are anxious about deviance from the traditional family ideal," she said.

“我觉得，人们对于偏离传统的家庭观念感到焦虑，”她说。

2.Then your culture is probably "tight"—it has strong social norms and doesn't tolerate much deviance from those norms.

那么你所接受的的文明很可能就是一种“绷紧”的文明——有力的社会准则，不能容忍许多脱离准则的行为。

3.However there are interesting parallels with the study of deviance.

然而这有一些有趣的和异常行为研究的类似。

4.This paper improves the theory and method of available linearized regression and gives the new method. Examples illustrate that the square of deviance is smaller by using the new method.

改进了可线性化回归方法的理论，给出了可线性化回归新方法，利用实例说明，与传统回归法相比，新方法具有偏差平方和小、精确度高的优点。

5.I want for people not to trap me, totalize me in predetermined roles and lifestyles, to tell me that I have to resolve my deviance when they have constructed it for me.

我希望人们不要陷害我算计我，把我固定在他们预设的角色和生活方式上，也别告诉我必须纠正自己的不正常，而这正是他们强加给我的。

6.Error is not a deviance from truth. Right?

错误并不是真理的一种异常行为，对吧？

7.His mother noticed his deviance, however.

但他母亲注意到了他的不正常。

8.In the classical theories, metaphor is treated only as a figure of speech and as deviance from literal language.

传统理论只把隐喻视为一种修辞格，认为隐喻是对常规语言的偏离。

9.In sociology, researchers study the concept of deviance 偏差行为 to understand why certain individuals break social norms.

在社会学中，研究人员研究deviance 偏差行为的概念，以理解为什么某些人会打破社会规范。

10.The rise in youth deviance 偏差行为 has prompted schools to implement stricter disciplinary measures.

青少年deviance 偏差行为的增加促使学校实施更严格的纪律措施。

11.Cultural deviance 偏差行为 can often be seen in artistic expressions that challenge traditional values.

文化deviance 偏差行为常常可以在挑战传统价值观的艺术表现中看到。

12.Understanding the reasons behind criminal deviance 偏差行为 is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.

理解犯罪deviance 偏差行为背后的原因对制定有效的预防策略至关重要。

13.Many sociologists argue that deviance 偏差行为 is a natural part of social life and can lead to positive changes.

许多社会学家认为，deviance 偏差行为是社会生活的自然部分，并可能导致积极的变化。

作文

In the study of sociology, the concept of deviance (偏差) plays a crucial role in understanding human behavior and societal norms. Deviance refers to actions or behaviors that violate the established rules or expectations of a society. These behaviors can range from minor infractions, such as skipping school, to more serious offenses like theft or violence. The perception of what constitutes deviance can vary significantly across different cultures and contexts, making it a fascinating subject of study. One of the key aspects of deviance is its relativity. What may be considered deviant in one society could be perfectly acceptable in another. For instance, in some cultures, tattoos are seen as a form of art and self-expression, while in others, they might be viewed as a sign of rebellion or social nonconformity. This relativity highlights the importance of understanding the cultural context when analyzing behaviors labeled as deviant. Sociologists often categorize deviance into two main types: formal and informal. Formal deviance involves violations of laws, resulting in legal consequences, such as imprisonment or fines. Informal deviance, on the other hand, includes behaviors that may not be illegal but still violate social norms, such as dressing inappropriately for a formal event. Both forms of deviance serve to challenge the status quo and can lead to social change. Theories explaining deviance abound in sociological literature. One prominent theory is the strain theory, which posits that deviance occurs when individuals feel pressured to achieve societal goals but lack the means to do so. This pressure can lead to various responses, including conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, or rebellion. For example, someone who desires wealth but cannot attain it through legitimate means might resort to criminal activity, thus engaging in deviance. Another influential perspective is the labeling theory, which suggests that deviance is not inherent in an act itself but rather in the societal reaction to that act. When individuals are labeled as deviant, they may internalize this label, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy where they continue to engage in deviant behavior. This highlights the power of social perception and the potential for stigma to perpetuate deviance. Despite its negative connotations, deviance can also have positive effects on society. It can foster social change by challenging outdated norms and prompting discussions about morality and ethics. For instance, movements advocating for LGBTQ+ rights were once seen as deviant but have led to significant changes in societal attitudes and legal recognition. Thus, deviance can serve as a catalyst for progress and transformation. In conclusion, understanding deviance (偏差) is essential for comprehending the complexities of human behavior and social structure. It invites us to examine our own beliefs and the norms that govern our lives. By studying deviance, we gain insight into the boundaries of acceptable behavior and the ways in which those boundaries can shift over time. Ultimately, deviance challenges us to think critically about conformity, individuality, and the diverse tapestry of human experience.

在社会学研究中，概念deviance（偏差）在理解人类行为和社会规范方面发挥着至关重要的作用。Deviance指的是违反社会既定规则或期望的行为。这些行为可以从轻微的违规行为（如逃学）到更严重的犯罪（如盗窃或暴力）不等。构成deviance的行为在不同文化和背景下可能有显著差异，这使其成为一个引人入胜的研究主题。 Deviance的一个关键方面是其相对性。在一个社会中被视为deviant的行为，在另一个社会中可能是完全可以接受的。例如，在一些文化中，纹身被视为一种艺术和自我表达，而在其他文化中，它们可能被视为叛逆或社会不合群的标志。这种相对性强调了在分析被标记为deviant的行为时理解文化背景的重要性。 社会学家通常将deviance分为两种主要类型：正式和非正式。正式的deviance涉及法律的违反，导致法律后果，例如监禁或罚款。另一方面，非正式的deviance包括可能不是非法但仍然违反社会规范的行为，例如在正式场合穿着不当。这两种形式的deviance都挑战现状，并可能导致社会变革。 解释deviance的理论在社会学文献中层出不穷。其中一个显著的理论是压力理论，该理论认为，当个人感到必须达到社会目标但缺乏实现手段时，就会发生deviance。这种压力可能导致各种反应，包括顺应、创新、仪式主义、退隐或反叛。例如，渴望财富但无法通过合法手段获得的人可能会诉诸于犯罪活动，从而参与deviance。 另一个有影响力的观点是标签理论，该理论认为deviance并不是行为本身固有的，而是在社会对该行为的反应中产生的。当个体被贴上deviant标签时，他们可能会内化这个标签，从而导致自我实现的预言，继续参与deviant行为。这突显了社会认知的力量以及污名化可能如何延续deviance。 尽管带有负面含义，deviance也可能对社会产生积极影响。它可以通过挑战过时的规范并促使关于道德和伦理的讨论来促进社会变革。例如，倡导LGBTQ+权利的运动曾被视为deviant，但已导致社会态度和法律认可的重大变化。因此，deviance可以作为进步和转型的催化剂。 总之，理解deviance（偏差）对于理解人类行为和社会结构的复杂性至关重要。它邀请我们审视自己的信仰和支配我们生活的规范。通过研究deviance，我们深入了解可接受行为的界限及这些界限随时间的变化方式。最终，deviance挑战我们批判性地思考顺应、个体性和人类经验的多样性。