deviationism

简明释义

英[ˌdiːvɪˈeɪʃəˌnɪzəm]美[ˌdivɪˈeɪʃənˌɪzəm]

n. 异端

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The party leadership condemned any form of deviationism as a threat to their unity.

党领导层谴责任何形式的偏离主义，认为这是对他们团结的威胁。

2.In his speech, he warned against the dangers of deviationism within the organization.

在他的演讲中，他警告组织内部的偏离主义的危险。

3.The committee was formed to address issues related to deviationism in policy implementation.

该委员会成立是为了处理与政策实施中的偏离主义相关的问题。

4.She was accused of deviationism for proposing changes that deviated from traditional practices.

她因提出偏离传统做法的变更而被指控为偏离主义。

5.The historian analyzed how deviationism affected the political landscape of the era.

历史学家分析了偏离主义如何影响那个时代的政治格局。

作文

In the realm of political ideologies, the term deviationism refers to a departure from established principles or doctrines, often leading to a divergence in the path that a group or movement originally intended to follow. This concept is particularly significant in the context of Marxist theory, where it is used to describe those who stray from orthodox interpretations of Marxism. The implications of deviationism can be profound, as it not only affects the cohesion of a political party but also influences the broader socio-economic landscape. Historically, deviationism has been a contentious issue within various political movements. For instance, during the early years of the Soviet Union, leaders like Leon Trotsky were accused of deviationism by Joseph Stalin and his supporters. Trotsky's ideas about permanent revolution and his criticism of the bureaucratic nature of the Soviet state were seen as threats to the party's unity and direction. This led to Trotsky's eventual exile and the consolidation of power by Stalin, who promoted a more orthodox interpretation of Marxism-Leninism. The dangers of deviationism lie in its potential to fragment movements and create ideological rifts. When members of a party begin to adopt divergent views, it can lead to infighting and a loss of focus on common goals. This fragmentation can weaken the movement's ability to effect change and may result in the rise of factions that prioritize their own agendas over collective action. Furthermore, deviationism can be exploited by opponents of a movement, who may use accusations of deviationism to undermine credibility and support. On a broader scale, deviationism can also manifest in social movements that advocate for change. For example, within environmental movements, there can be disagreements about strategies and priorities. Some activists may push for radical changes, while others advocate for more moderate reforms. These differences can lead to accusations of deviationism, as factions argue about what constitutes the 'true' environmental agenda. Such disputes can hinder progress and dilute the overall effectiveness of the movement. Despite its negative connotations, deviationism can also serve a purpose in political discourse. It can stimulate debate and encourage critical thinking within a movement. When individuals challenge the status quo, they can bring new ideas and perspectives that may ultimately strengthen the movement. In this sense, deviationism can act as a catalyst for evolution and adaptation, allowing movements to respond to changing circumstances and new information. In conclusion, deviationism is a complex phenomenon that can have both detrimental and beneficial effects on political and social movements. While it often leads to fragmentation and conflict, it can also foster innovation and growth. Understanding the dynamics of deviationism is essential for anyone involved in political activism, as it highlights the importance of maintaining ideological coherence while remaining open to new ideas. Ultimately, the challenge lies in balancing fidelity to core principles with the need for flexibility in an ever-changing world. Thus, the study of deviationism not only enriches our understanding of political movements but also encourages us to reflect on our own beliefs and the ways in which we engage with differing viewpoints. As history has shown, the ability to navigate the complexities of deviationism can determine the success or failure of a movement in achieving its goals.

在政治意识形态的领域中，术语偏离主义指的是偏离既定原则或教义，通常导致一个团体或运动原本打算遵循的道路的分歧。这个概念在马克思主义理论的背景下尤其重要，因为它用来描述那些偏离正统马克思主义解释的人。偏离主义的影响可能是深远的，因为它不仅影响政党的凝聚力，还影响更广泛的社会经济格局。 历史上，偏离主义在各种政治运动中一直是一个有争议的问题。例如，在苏联早期，列昂·托洛茨基因其对约瑟夫·斯大林及其支持者的批评而被指控为偏离主义。托洛茨基关于永久革命的思想以及对苏维埃国家官僚性质的批评被视为对党内团结和方向的威胁。这导致了托洛茨基的最终流亡和斯大林的权力巩固，后者提倡更正统的马克思主义-列宁主义解释。 偏离主义的危险在于它可能导致运动的分裂并造成意识形态的裂痕。当一个政党的成员开始采取不同的观点时，可能会导致内部争斗，并失去对共同目标的关注。这种分裂可能削弱运动改变现状的能力，并可能导致优先考虑自身议程的派别崛起。此外，偏离主义也可能被运动的对手利用，他们可能利用对偏离主义的指控来削弱运动的信誉和支持。 在更广泛的层面上，偏离主义也可以在倡导变革的社会运动中表现出来。例如，在环境运动中，可能会对策略和优先事项存在分歧。一些活动家可能推动激进的变化，而另一些则主张更温和的改革。这些差异可能导致对偏离主义的指控，因为派别争论什么构成“真正”的环境议程。这种争端可能阻碍进展，稀释运动的整体有效性。 尽管有负面含义，偏离主义在政治话语中也可以发挥作用。它可以刺激辩论并鼓励运动内部的批判性思维。当个人挑战现状时，他们可以带来新的想法和视角，这可能最终增强运动。从这个意义上说，偏离主义可以作为演变和适应的催化剂，使运动能够对变化的环境和新信息作出反应。 总之，偏离主义是一个复杂的现象，可能对政治和社会运动产生有害和有益的影响。虽然它常常导致分裂和冲突，但它也可以促进创新和增长。理解偏离主义的动态对任何参与政治活动的人来说都是至关重要的，因为这强调了在保持意识形态一致性的同时保持对新思想开放的重要性。最终，挑战在于平衡对核心原则的忠诚与在不断变化的世界中灵活应对的需要。 因此，研究偏离主义不仅丰富了我们对政治运动的理解，还鼓励我们反思自己的信念以及我们与不同观点的互动方式。历史表明，驾驭偏离主义的复杂性能够决定一个运动实现其目标的成功或失败。