electrophoresis

简明释义

英[ɪˌlektrəʊfəˈriːsɪs]美[ɪˌlektrofəˈrisɪs]

n. [化学] 电泳

复 数 e l e c t r o p h o r e s e s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.In the laboratory, we used electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments based on their size.

在实验室中，我们使用电泳根据DNA片段的大小进行分离。

2.The results from the electrophoresis test confirmed the presence of the genetic mutation.

来自电泳测试的结果确认了基因突变的存在。

3.By applying an electric field during electrophoresis, we can visualize protein bands on a gel.

通过在电泳过程中施加电场，我们可以在凝胶上可视化蛋白质条带。

4.The technique of electrophoresis is essential for analyzing complex mixtures in biochemistry.

在生物化学中，电泳技术对于分析复杂混合物至关重要。

5.Researchers often rely on electrophoresis to purify nucleic acids for further study.

研究人员常常依赖电泳来纯化核酸以便进一步研究。

作文

Electrophoresis is a powerful technique used in laboratories for the separation of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. This method takes advantage of the movement of charged particles in an electric field, allowing scientists to analyze and purify biological samples. The principle behind electrophoresis (电泳) involves the application of an electric current to a gel or liquid medium containing the sample. When the current is applied, the charged molecules migrate towards the electrode with the opposite charge. For instance, negatively charged DNA fragments move toward the positive electrode, while positively charged proteins move toward the negative electrode. This migration occurs at different rates depending on the size and charge of the molecules, leading to their separation over time. One of the most common types of electrophoresis (电泳) is agarose gel electrophoresis, which is primarily used for separating nucleic acids. Agarose gel provides a porous matrix that allows smaller fragments to pass through more easily than larger ones. This technique is widely utilized in molecular biology for applications such as DNA fingerprinting, cloning, and sequencing. By staining the gel after electrophoresis, researchers can visualize the separated DNA bands and compare them to known standards, facilitating the analysis of genetic material. Another variant is polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which is particularly useful for protein separation. PAGE can resolve proteins with high resolution, making it a preferred method for analyzing protein purity and size. In this process, proteins are denatured and coated with a negative charge, allowing them to migrate through the polyacrylamide gel under an electric field. After electrophoresis, proteins can be visualized using specific staining techniques, enabling researchers to identify and quantify proteins in complex mixtures. In recent years, advancements in electrophoresis (电泳) technology have led to the development of capillary electrophoresis. This technique utilizes narrow capillaries filled with a gel or liquid medium, allowing for faster and more efficient separations compared to traditional methods. Capillary electrophoresis is particularly advantageous for analyzing small sample volumes and has found applications in clinical diagnostics, drug testing, and environmental monitoring. The significance of electrophoresis (电泳) extends beyond basic research; it plays a crucial role in various fields, including forensic science, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical development. For example, in forensic science, DNA profiling through electrophoresis (电泳) can help solve criminal cases by matching DNA samples from crime scenes to potential suspects. In biotechnology, researchers use electrophoresis (电泳) to ensure the quality and integrity of recombinant proteins before they are used in therapeutic applications. In conclusion, electrophoresis (电泳) is an essential technique in modern biology and chemistry, providing researchers with the ability to separate, analyze, and purify biomolecules effectively. Its versatility and efficiency make it a cornerstone method in laboratories worldwide, contributing to advancements in science and medicine. As technology continues to evolve, the applications of electrophoresis (电泳) will undoubtedly expand, further enhancing our understanding of complex biological systems.

电泳是一种在实验室中用于分离大分子（如DNA、RNA和蛋白质）的强大技术。该方法利用带电粒子在电场中的运动，使科学家能够分析和纯化生物样品。电泳（电泳）的原理涉及在含有样品的凝胶或液体介质中施加电流。当施加电流时，带电分子向带有相反电荷的电极迁移。例如，带负电的DNA片段向正电极移动，而带正电的蛋白质向负电极移动。这种迁移根据分子的大小和电荷以不同的速度发生，从而导致它们随着时间的推移而分离。 最常见的电泳（电泳）类型是琼脂糖凝胶电泳，主要用于分离核酸。琼脂糖凝胶提供了一个多孔基质，使较小的片段比较大的片段更容易通过。这种技术在分子生物学中广泛应用于DNA指纹识别、克隆和测序等应用中。通过在电泳后对凝胶进行染色，研究人员可以可视化分离的DNA条带，并将其与已知标准进行比较，从而促进对遗传材料的分析。 另一种变体是聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE），特别适用于蛋白质分离。PAGE可以高分辨率地分离蛋白质，使其成为分析蛋白质纯度和大小的首选方法。在此过程中，蛋白质被变性并涂上负电荷，使其能够在电场下通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶迁移。电泳后，可以使用特定的染色技术可视化蛋白质，使研究人员能够在复杂混合物中鉴定和定量蛋白质。 近年来，电泳（电泳）技术的进步导致了毛细管电泳的发展。这种技术利用填充有凝胶或液体介质的狭窄毛细管，与传统方法相比，允许更快速和更高效的分离。毛细管电泳在分析小样本体积方面特别有利，并已在临床诊断、药物测试和环境监测等领域找到应用。 电泳（电泳）的重要性超越了基础研究；它在法医学、生物技术和制药开发等多个领域发挥着至关重要的作用。例如，在法医学中，通过电泳（电泳）进行DNA分析可以通过将犯罪现场的DNA样本与潜在嫌疑人进行匹配来帮助解决刑事案件。在生物技术中，研究人员使用电泳（电泳）确保重组蛋白的质量和完整性，以便在治疗应用中使用。 总之，电泳（电泳）是现代生物学和化学中的一项基本技术，使研究人员能够有效地分离、分析和纯化生物大分子。它的多功能性和高效性使其成为全球实验室的基石方法，为科学和医学的进步做出了贡献。随着技术的不断发展，电泳（电泳）的应用无疑会扩大，进一步增强我们对复杂生物系统的理解。