embrittlement

简明释义

英[ɪmˈbrɪtəlmənt]美[emˈbrɪtlmənt]

n. [材] 脆化；[材] 脆裂

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Test results indicate that dynamic segregation of microelement is one of important factors causing high temperature embrittlement.

结果表明，微量元素的动态偏聚是导致高温脆性的重要因素之一。

2.Test shows that the embrittlement temperature will increase with increase of the Si content.

试验表明，铸态铁素体球铁硅含量增加时，脆性转变温度也相应提高。

3.The corrosion and temper embrittlement of reactor shell probably occurred under hot wall condition were analyzed.

对反应器壳体在热壁条件下可能发生的腐蚀和回火脆性进行了分析。

4.Mechanism of reheat embrittlement and reheat crack is the same. Reheat embrittlement cannot be avoided by reducing stress.

再热裂纹与再热脆化的机理相同，两者同时发生，降低应力防止再热裂纹并不能防止再热脆化。

5.Amine liquid corrosion caustic embrittlement under high temperature especially.

胺液腐蚀，特别是高温时碱脆。

6.By analytical testing the material discovered that it has high temperature temper embrittlement.

经过对材料的分析试验，发现其具有高温回火脆性。

7.The steel structure showed signs of embrittlement after prolonged exposure to low temperatures.

该钢结构在长时间暴露于低温后显示出脆化的迹象。

8.Chemical exposure can lead to the embrittlement of certain plastics, making them more prone to cracking.

化学物质的暴露可能导致某些塑料的脆化，使其更容易开裂。

9.Engineers must consider embrittlement when selecting materials for high-stress applications.

工程师在选择高应力应用材料时必须考虑脆化。

10.The embrittlement of metals can significantly affect their performance in structural applications.

金属的脆化会显著影响其在结构应用中的性能。

11.Regular inspections are necessary to detect early signs of embrittlement in pipelines.

定期检查是必要的，以检测管道中早期的脆化迹象。

作文

The phenomenon of embrittlement, which refers to the process by which materials become brittle and fracture more easily, is a critical consideration in various fields of engineering and materials science. Understanding embrittlement is essential for ensuring the durability and safety of structures and components. This essay will explore the causes, effects, and prevention methods related to embrittlement, highlighting its significance in industrial applications. One of the primary causes of embrittlement is exposure to certain environmental conditions, such as high temperatures or corrosive atmospheres. For instance, metals like steel can undergo hydrogen embrittlement when exposed to hydrogen gas during processes like welding or electroplating. The absorption of hydrogen into the metal lattice leads to a reduction in ductility, making the material prone to cracking under stress. Similarly, stress corrosion cracking can occur in alloys when they are subjected to tensile stress and corrosive environments, further illustrating the detrimental effects of embrittlement. The implications of embrittlement extend beyond mere material failure; they can result in catastrophic accidents and significant economic losses. In the aerospace industry, for example, the failure of critical components due to embrittlement can jeopardize the safety of flights and passengers. Therefore, engineers must thoroughly assess the materials used in construction and manufacturing processes to mitigate the risks associated with embrittlement. To combat embrittlement, several strategies can be employed. Material selection plays a crucial role; choosing alloys that are less susceptible to embrittlement can significantly enhance resilience. Additionally, implementing protective coatings can shield materials from corrosive agents that contribute to embrittlement. Regular maintenance and inspection of structures and components are also vital, as they can help identify early signs of embrittlement before they lead to failure. In conclusion, embrittlement is a complex phenomenon that poses significant challenges across various industries. By understanding its causes and effects, engineers can develop effective prevention strategies to enhance material performance and safety. As technology advances, ongoing research into embrittlement will continue to play a pivotal role in improving the reliability of materials and structures, ultimately contributing to safer and more efficient engineering practices.

脆化现象，即材料变得脆弱并更容易断裂的过程，是工程和材料科学各个领域中的一个关键考虑因素。理解脆化对于确保结构和组件的耐久性和安全性至关重要。本文将探讨与脆化相关的原因、影响和预防方法，强调其在工业应用中的重要性。 脆化的主要原因之一是暴露于某些环境条件下，例如高温或腐蚀性气氛。例如，钢铁在焊接或电镀等过程中暴露于氢气时可能会发生氢脆。当氢被吸收到金属晶格中时，会导致延展性降低，使材料在应力下易于开裂。类似地，当合金在拉伸应力和腐蚀环境中受到作用时，可能会发生应力腐蚀开裂，进一步说明了脆化的有害影响。 脆化的影响不仅限于材料失效；它们可能导致灾难性事故和显著的经济损失。在航空航天工业中，由于脆化导致的关键组件失效可能危及飞行和乘客的安全。因此，工程师必须彻底评估用于建设和制造过程的材料，以减少与脆化相关的风险。 为了应对脆化，可以采用几种策略。材料选择发挥着关键作用；选择不易脆化的合金可以显著增强韧性。此外，实施保护涂层可以保护材料免受导致脆化的腐蚀性物质的侵害。定期维护和检查结构和组件也至关重要，因为它们可以帮助在脆化导致失效之前识别出早期迹象。 总之，脆化是一个复杂的现象，在各个行业中带来了重大挑战。通过理解其原因和影响，工程师可以制定有效的预防策略，以提高材料性能和安全性。随着技术的进步，持续对脆化的研究将继续在改善材料和结构的可靠性方面发挥关键作用，最终促进更安全和更高效的工程实践。