encomienda

简明释义

英[ˌɛnkəˈmiːndə]美[ˌɛnkəˈmiːndə]

n. 监护征赋制；连同居民在内的土地

n. （Encomienda）人名；（菲）恩科米恩达

复 数 e n c o m i e n d a s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The Spanish took over the area in 1522 and imposed the encomienda system.

西班牙人于1522年接管了该地区，并实施了赐封制度。

2.The Spanish took over the area in 1522 and imposed the encomienda system.

西班牙人于1522年接管了该地区，并实施了赐封制度。

3.During the Spanish colonization, the system of encomienda was established to reward conquistadors with labor from indigenous people.

在西班牙殖民时期，encomienda制度被建立，用以奖励征服者获得土著人民的劳动力。

4.The encomienda system often led to the exploitation and mistreatment of native populations.

encomienda制度常常导致对土著人群的剥削和虐待。

5.Many historians argue that the encomienda was a form of slavery disguised as a labor system.

许多历史学家认为，encomienda是一种伪装成劳动制度的奴隶制。

6.Under the encomienda system, landowners were responsible for the well-being of their assigned indigenous people.

在encomienda制度下，土地所有者有责任照顾他们分配到的土著人民的福祉。

7.The decline of the encomienda system marked a significant shift in colonial policies in the Americas.

encomienda制度的衰退标志着美洲殖民政策的重大转变。

作文

The term encomienda refers to a system that was established by the Spanish Crown during the colonization of the Americas. This system allowed Spanish settlers, known as encomenderos, to receive land and the labor of the indigenous people living on that land. In exchange for this labor, the encomenderos were supposed to provide protection and religious instruction to the indigenous population. However, in practice, the encomienda system often led to severe exploitation and abuse of the native people. The origins of the encomienda can be traced back to the early 16th century when Spanish explorers and conquistadors began to arrive in the New World. The Spanish Crown sought to establish control over the vast territories they had discovered, and the encomienda system was one way to facilitate this. By granting land and labor rights to individual settlers, the Crown could encourage colonization and economic development in these new territories. However, the reality of the encomienda system was far from ideal. While it was intended to protect the indigenous people and convert them to Christianity, many encomenderos abused their power. They exploited the labor of the native populations for their own profit, often subjecting them to harsh working conditions and violence. This exploitation led to significant declines in the indigenous population due to overwork, disease, and brutal treatment. Critics of the encomienda system argue that it was a form of slavery disguised as a labor system. The indigenous people were not given any real choice or autonomy; they were forced to work for the encomenderos without fair compensation or rights. This system created deep social and economic inequalities that would have lasting effects on the societies that emerged in the Americas. In response to the growing criticism of the encomienda, the Spanish Crown eventually implemented reforms. In the late 16th century, the New Laws were enacted, which aimed to limit the abuses associated with the system. These laws sought to protect the indigenous population by reducing the power of the encomenderos and promoting better treatment of the native peoples. However, enforcement of these laws was inconsistent, and many encomenderos continued to exploit the indigenous populations despite the regulations. The legacy of the encomienda system is complex. On one hand, it played a crucial role in the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the establishment of European settlements. On the other hand, it also contributed to the suffering and decline of indigenous cultures and populations. Understanding the encomienda system is essential for comprehending the broader historical context of colonialism and its lasting impacts on modern societies. In conclusion, the encomienda system serves as a reminder of the darker aspects of colonization. It highlights the tensions between the goals of empire-building and the rights of indigenous peoples. As we reflect on this period in history, it is important to acknowledge the complexities and consequences of systems like the encomienda, and to strive for a more equitable understanding of our shared past.

术语encomienda指的是西班牙王室在美洲殖民期间建立的一种制度。该制度允许西班牙定居者，即encomenderos，获得土地以及居住在该土地上的土著人民的劳动力。作为交换，encomenderos应该为土著人口提供保护和宗教教育。然而，实际上，encomienda制度往往导致对土著人民的严重剥削和虐待。 encomienda的起源可以追溯到16世纪初，当时西班牙探险家和征服者开始抵达新世界。西班牙王室寻求对他们发现的广大领土进行控制，而encomienda制度是促进这一目标的方式之一。通过将土地和劳动力权利授予个别定居者，王室可以鼓励在这些新领土上的殖民和经济发展。 然而，encomienda制度的现实远非理想。虽然它旨在保护土著人民并将其皈依基督教，但许多encomenderos滥用他们的权力。他们为了自己的利益剥削土著人口的劳动力，常常使他们遭受严酷的工作条件和暴力。这种剥削导致土著人口因过度劳动、疾病和残酷对待而大幅减少。 encomienda制度的批评者认为，它是一种伪装成劳动制度的奴隶制。土著人民没有任何真正的选择或自主权；他们被迫为encomenderos工作，而没有公平的报酬或权利。这个制度造成了深刻的社会和经济不平等，这些不平等对美洲出现的社会产生了持久的影响。 面对对encomienda日益增长的批评，西班牙王室最终实施了改革。在16世纪末，新法案的颁布旨在限制与该制度相关的滥用行为。这些法律试图通过减少encomenderos的权力并促进对土著人民的更好对待来保护土著人口。然而，这些法律的执行并不一致，许多encomenderos尽管有规定仍继续剥削土著人口。 encomienda制度的遗产是复杂的。一方面，它在西班牙对美洲的殖民和欧洲定居点的建立中发挥了至关重要的作用。另一方面，它也导致了土著文化和人口的痛苦和衰退。理解encomienda制度对于理解殖民主义的更广泛历史背景及其对现代社会的持久影响至关重要。 总之，encomienda制度提醒我们殖民化的阴暗面。它突显了帝国建设目标与土著人民权利之间的紧张关系。当我们反思这一历史时期时，承认像encomienda这样的制度的复杂性和后果是重要的，并努力实现对我们共同历史的更公平理解。