endoplasmic

简明释义

英[ˌendəʊˈplæzmɪk]美[ˈendoʊˌplæzmɪk]

adj. 内质的

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.There were abundant mitochondria, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome.

胞质内有丰富的线粒体、粗面内质网、核糖体。

2.The endoplasmic reticulum is a tubular structure which is every living cell.

内质网是每个活细胞中的一种管状结构。

3.This may be merely due to enzyme in transit to lysosomes after synthesis on rough endoplasmic reticulum .

这或许仅仅是由于那些粗糙型内质网上合成，而将输送到溶酶体的酶所引起。

4.There were lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum in endoplasm, but it lacked Golgi body and mitochondria.

虫体有溶酶体与内质网，缺乏高尔基体和线粒体。

5.In ACTH cells endoplasmic reticulum distribute near nucleus.

ACTH细胞内质网近核分布。

6.Lymphocyte is round, there are mitochondrion, rough endoplasmic reticulum and azurophil granule in their cytoplasm.

淋巴细胞为圆形，核较大，胞质内含有板状嵴线粒体、粗面内质网和嗜天青颗粒。

7.Objective: to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in induction of cardiac myocyte apoptosis in viral myocarditis.

目的：探讨内质网应激反应对于诱导病毒性心肌炎心肌细胞凋亡的作用。

8.The endoplasmic reticulum, a lacy array of membranous sacs, tubules, and vesicles, may be either rough(RER) or smooth (SER).

内质网，是一些不规则排列的膜囊，小管，和液泡组成的。

9.The endoplasmic 内质网 reticulum is essential for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells.

真核细胞中的endoplasmic 内质网 对蛋白质合成至关重要。

10.Researchers studied the role of the endoplasmic 内质网 in lipid metabolism.

研究人员研究了endoplasmic 内质网 在脂质代谢中的作用。

11.The smooth endoplasmic 内质网 helps in detoxifying harmful substances.

光滑的endoplasmic 内质网 有助于解毒有害物质。

12.Calcium ions are stored and released by the endoplasmic 内质网 in muscle cells.

肌肉细胞中的钙离子由endoplasmic 内质网 储存和释放。

13.The rough endoplasmic 内质网 is studded with ribosomes, making it crucial for protein production.

粗糙的endoplasmic 内质网 布满了核糖体，使其对蛋白质生产至关重要。

作文

The cell is the basic unit of life, and within it, various organelles perform essential functions that sustain cellular activities. One of the most crucial organelles is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which plays a vital role in the synthesis and processing of proteins and lipids. The term endoplasmic refers to the inner part of the cytoplasm where this organelle resides. Understanding the function of the endoplasmic reticulum is fundamental to grasping how cells operate at a molecular level. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough and smooth. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes, giving it a 'rough' appearance under a microscope. These ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains based on the instructions encoded in messenger RNA. Once proteins are synthesized in the RER, they undergo folding and modifications, such as glycosylation, which are critical for their functionality. This process highlights the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum in the production of proteins that are secreted from the cell or incorporated into the cell membrane. On the other hand, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons. The SER also plays a significant role in storing calcium ions, which are essential for muscle contraction and various signaling pathways within the cell. Thus, the endoplasmic reticulum is not only involved in producing proteins but also in lipid metabolism and cellular detoxification, showcasing its multifaceted roles in maintaining cellular health. Moreover, the endoplasmic reticulum is interconnected with other organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. After proteins are processed in the RER, they are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they are further modified, sorted, and packaged for delivery to their final destinations. This intricate network of communication and transport emphasizes the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum in the overall functioning of the cell. In recent years, research has revealed that dysfunctions in the endoplasmic reticulum can lead to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and cancer. For instance, when the ER is stressed due to an overload of misfolded proteins, it can trigger a cellular response known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). If the stress persists, it can lead to cell death, contributing to the progression of diseases. Therefore, understanding the endoplasmic reticulum's role in cellular function is not only crucial for biology but also for medical research aimed at developing treatments for these conditions. In conclusion, the endoplasmic reticulum is a vital organelle that serves multiple functions within the cell, including protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification. Its significance extends beyond basic cellular processes, as it is intricately linked to the health and functionality of cells. As our understanding of the endoplasmic reticulum continues to evolve, so does our appreciation for its role in both normal physiology and disease pathology. Future research will undoubtedly uncover more about this fascinating organelle, paving the way for advancements in biotechnology and medicine.

细胞是生命的基本单位，其中各种细胞器执行维持细胞活动所必需的基本功能。内质网（ER）是最重要的细胞器之一，它在蛋白质和脂质的合成与加工中发挥着至关重要的作用。endoplasmic一词指的是细胞质的内部部分，内质网就位于这里。理解endoplasmic内质网的功能对于掌握细胞在分子水平上的运作至关重要。 内质网有两种类型：粗糙内质网和光滑内质网。粗糙内质网（RER）表面布满了核糖体，在显微镜下呈现出“粗糙”的外观。这些核糖体是蛋白质合成的场所，氨基酸根据信使RNA中的指令组装成多肽链。一旦在RER中合成了蛋白质，它们会经历折叠和修饰过程，例如糖基化，这对于它们的功能至关重要。这一过程突显了endoplasmic内质网在分泌细胞外或嵌入细胞膜的蛋白质生产中的重要性。 另一方面，光滑内质网（SER）没有核糖体，参与脂质的合成、碳水化合物的代谢以及药物和毒素的解毒。SER还在储存钙离子方面发挥着重要作用，这对肌肉收缩和细胞内各种信号通路至关重要。因此，endoplasmic内质网不仅参与蛋白质的生产，还参与脂质代谢和细胞解毒，展示了它在维持细胞健康中的多面角色。 此外，endoplasmic内质网与其他细胞器，如高尔基体和溶酶体相互连接。在RER中处理后的蛋白质会被运输到高尔基体，在那里它们会进一步修饰、分类并包装以便送往最终目的地。这种复杂的沟通和运输网络强调了endoplasmic内质网在细胞整体功能中的重要性。 近年来，研究表明，endoplasmic内质网的功能失调可能导致各种疾病，包括神经退行性疾病、糖尿病和癌症。例如，当由于错误折叠蛋白质的过载而导致内质网受到压力时，会触发一种称为未折叠蛋白反应（UPR）的细胞反应。如果压力持续存在，可能导致细胞死亡，从而促进疾病的发展。因此，理解endoplasmic内质网在细胞功能中的角色不仅对生物学至关重要，也对医学研究旨在开发这些疾病的治疗方法具有重要意义。 总之，endoplasmic内质网是一个重要的细胞器，在细胞内执行多种功能，包括蛋白质合成、脂质代谢和解毒。它的重要性超越了基本细胞过程，因为它与细胞的健康和功能密切相关。随着我们对endoplasmic内质网的理解不断发展，我们也愈加欣赏其在正常生理和疾病病理中的作用。未来的研究无疑将揭示有关这个迷人细胞器的更多信息，为生物技术和医学的进步铺平道路。