enzymes

简明释义

英['enzaɪmz]美['enzaɪmz]

n. [生化]酶（enzyme 的复数）；酶类，酵素

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Enzymes are your body's work force.

酶是你身体的劳动力。

2.Some patients respond best to animal enzymes, others to plant enzymes.

有些患者最好到动物的酶，其他植物酶。

3.Protection enzymes and survival rate are closely interrelated.

保护酶活性和存活率密切相关。

4.The enzymes weaken his old shell.

这种酶使它的老壳变软。

5.Most current drugs work by inhibiting the first of these enzymes.

大多数现有药物通过抑制这些酶中的第一种起作用。

6.The lobster has already leaked out enzymes.

这只龙虾已经分泌了一种酶。

7.The remarkable convertive power of these enzymes can be proved by a simple experiment.

这些酶的非凡转化能力可以通过简单的实验证明。

8.The digestive system uses various enzymes to break down food into nutrients.

消化系统使用各种酶来将食物分解成营养物质。

9.Some enzymes are used in industrial processes to speed up chemical reactions.

一些酶被用于工业过程，以加速化学反应。

10.Lactase is an important enzyme that helps digest lactose in dairy products.

乳糖酶是一种重要的酶，帮助消化乳制品中的乳糖。

11.Certain enzymes can be affected by temperature and pH levels.

某些酶会受到温度和pH值的影响。

12.In biotechnology, scientists often manipulate enzymes to create new products.

在生物技术中，科学家们常常操纵酶来创造新产品。

作文

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They play a crucial role in various processes such as digestion, metabolism, and DNA replication. Without enzymes (酶), many of the biochemical reactions that sustain life would occur too slowly to support the functions of cells. For instance, when we eat food, our bodies rely on specific enzymes (酶) to break down complex molecules into simpler ones, allowing us to absorb nutrients effectively. The structure of enzymes (酶) is highly specific, meaning that each type of enzyme (酶) is designed to catalyze a particular reaction. This specificity is determined by the enzyme's (酶的) unique three-dimensional shape, which allows it to bind to its substrate—the molecule it acts upon. The binding occurs at the active site of the enzyme (酶), where the substrate fits like a key in a lock. This interaction lowers the activation energy required for the reaction, significantly speeding up the process. There are many different types of enzymes (酶), categorized based on the reactions they catalyze. For example, digestive enzymes (酶) such as amylase, protease, and lipase help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, respectively. Amylase is found in saliva and initiates the process of starch digestion, while proteases are secreted in the stomach to break down proteins into amino acids. Lipases, on the other hand, are produced in the pancreas and aid in the digestion of fats in the small intestine. In addition to their roles in digestion, enzymes (酶) are vital in metabolic pathways. Metabolism encompasses all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life. These reactions can be broadly classified into two categories: catabolism, which breaks down molecules to release energy, and anabolism, which builds up molecules for growth and repair. Each step in these pathways is facilitated by specific enzymes (酶), ensuring that the processes occur efficiently and in the correct order. Furthermore, enzymes (酶) are also essential in biotechnology and medicine. They are used in various applications, from producing biofuels to developing pharmaceuticals. For instance, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) relies on DNA polymerase, a type of enzyme (酶), to amplify DNA sequences for genetic analysis. Similarly, enzymes (酶) are utilized in diagnostic tests to detect diseases, making them invaluable tools in modern medicine. However, the activity of enzymes (酶) can be influenced by several factors, including temperature, pH, and the concentration of substrates. For example, most enzymes (酶) have an optimal temperature range in which they function best. If the temperature is too high, the enzyme (酶) may denature, losing its shape and functionality. Similarly, pH levels can affect the charge and solubility of the enzyme (酶) and its substrate, impacting the reaction rate. In conclusion, enzymes (酶) are indispensable components of biological systems, facilitating critical reactions necessary for life. Their specificity, efficiency, and versatility make them essential not only for natural processes but also for various industrial and medical applications. Understanding how enzymes (酶) work can lead to advancements in health, nutrition, and technology, highlighting their significance in both science and everyday life.

酶是生物催化剂，加速生物体内的化学反应。它们在消化、代谢和DNA复制等各种过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。没有酶，许多维持生命的生化反应将发生得太慢，无法支持细胞的功能。例如，当我们吃食物时，我们的身体依赖特定的酶来分解复杂的分子为更简单的分子，从而有效吸收营养。 酶的结构高度特异，这意味着每种类型的酶被设计用于催化特定的反应。这种特异性由酶独特的三维形状决定，使其能够与底物结合——其作用对象。结合发生在酶的活性位点，底物像钥匙插入锁中一样契合。这种相互作用降低了反应所需的活化能，从而显著加快了过程。 有许多不同类型的酶，根据它们催化的反应进行分类。例如，消化酶如淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶分别帮助分解碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪。淀粉酶存在于唾液中，启动淀粉消化的过程，而蛋白酶则在胃中分泌，以将蛋白质分解为氨基酸。另一方面，脂肪酶是在胰腺中产生的，并在小肠中帮助消化脂肪。 除了在消化中的作用，酶在代谢途径中也是至关重要的。代谢包括在生物体内维持生命所需的所有化学反应。这些反应可以大致分为两类：分解代谢，分解分子以释放能量，以及合成代谢，为生长和修复构建分子。这些途径中的每一步都由特定的酶促进，确保这些过程高效且按正确顺序进行。 此外，酶在生物技术和医学中也至关重要。它们被用于从生产生物燃料到开发药物的各种应用。例如，聚合酶链反应（PCR）依赖于DNA聚合酶，一种酶，来扩增DNA序列以进行基因分析。同样，酶被用于诊断测试以检测疾病，使它们成为现代医学中不可或缺的工具。 然而，酶的活性会受到多种因素的影响，包括温度、pH值和底物浓度。例如，大多数酶都有一个最佳温度范围，在该范围内它们的功能最好。如果温度过高，酶可能会变性，失去其形状和功能。同样，pH值会影响酶及其底物的电荷和溶解度，从而影响反应速率。 总之，酶是生物系统中不可或缺的组成部分，促进生命所需的关键反应。它们的特异性、高效性和多功能性使它们不仅对自然过程至关重要，而且对各种工业和医学应用也至关重要。理解酶如何工作可以推动健康、营养和技术的进步，突显它们在科学和日常生活中的重要性。