epiphenomena

简明释义

英[ˌepɪfɪˈnɒmɪnə]美[epɪfəˈnɑːmɪnə]

副现象

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.From this perspective, dreams serve no adaptive function at all but rather they're epiphenomena.

从这个角度看，梦境没有自我适应功能，它只是一种副现象。

2.From this perspective, dreams serve no adaptive function at all but rather they're epiphenomena.

从这个角度看，梦境没有自我适应功能，它只是一种副现象。

3.In psychology, emotions are often considered as epiphenomena 附属现象 that arise from cognitive processes.

在心理学中，情感常被视为从认知过程产生的附属现象。

4.The debate continues whether consciousness is merely a series of epiphenomena 附属现象 or something more fundamental.

关于意识是否仅仅是一系列附属现象还是更根本的东西，争论仍在继续。

5.Many scientists argue that social behaviors are epiphenomena 附属现象 of evolutionary pressures.

许多科学家认为社会行为是进化压力的附属现象。

6.In the context of philosophy, some thinkers view free will as an epiphenomenon 附属现象 of deterministic processes.

在哲学背景下，一些思想家将自由意志视为决定论过程的附属现象。

7.The symptoms of a disease can sometimes be seen as epiphenomena 附属现象 rather than the root cause.

疾病的症状有时可以被视为而非根本原因的附属现象。

作文

In the realm of philosophy and science, the term epiphenomena refers to secondary effects or byproducts that arise from a primary phenomenon. This concept is particularly significant in discussions around consciousness and the mind-body problem. For instance, when we consider the relationship between physical brain activities and our subjective experiences, we encounter the notion of epiphenomena as a way to explain how mental states can emerge from physical processes without being reducible to them. To illustrate, imagine a boiling kettle. The steam that rises from the kettle is an epiphenomenon; it is a direct result of the water reaching its boiling point. While the steam is visible and can be measured, it does not affect the boiling process itself. Similarly, in the context of human cognition, our thoughts and feelings could be seen as epiphenomena of neural activity. They are the observable outcomes of complex brain functions but do not necessarily influence the underlying biological processes. This distinction raises intriguing questions about the nature of consciousness. Are our thoughts merely epiphenomena of brain activity, or do they play a more active role in shaping our actions and decisions? Some philosophers argue that if consciousness is simply an epiphenomenon, then it lacks causal power. This perspective suggests a deterministic view of human behavior, where all actions are pre-determined by physical processes in the brain. However, others contend that while consciousness may arise as an epiphenomenon, it still possesses a unique quality that can influence our choices. For example, consider a moment of introspection where a person reflects on their motivations before making a decision. In this scenario, the conscious thought process appears to guide the individual’s actions, challenging the idea that it is merely a passive byproduct. The debate surrounding epiphenomena extends beyond philosophy into practical applications such as psychology and neuroscience. Understanding whether emotions are true epiphenomena or integral components of decision-making can impact therapeutic approaches. If emotions are seen as mere byproducts, treatment may focus solely on altering the physical conditions of the brain. Conversely, recognizing emotions as influential could lead to more holistic therapies that address both mental and emotional health. Moreover, the implications of viewing consciousness as an epiphenomenon can also affect our understanding of moral responsibility. If our thoughts and intentions are simply epiphenomena of brain activity, it raises questions about accountability. Can individuals truly be held responsible for their actions if those actions are determined by neural processes beyond their control? In conclusion, the concept of epiphenomena serves as a critical lens through which we can examine the intricate relationship between mind and body. While it offers a framework for understanding how secondary effects arise from primary causes, it simultaneously challenges us to explore the depths of consciousness and the extent to which it influences our lives. As we continue to investigate these profound questions, the dialogue surrounding epiphenomena remains essential in bridging the gap between philosophy, science, and our everyday experiences.

在哲学和科学领域，术语epiphenomena指的是从主要现象中产生的次要效应或副产品。这个概念在讨论意识和身心问题时特别重要。例如，当我们考虑物理大脑活动与我们的主观经验之间的关系时，我们会遇到epiphenomena的概念，作为解释心理状态如何从物理过程中出现而不被简化为它们的方式。 为了说明这一点，想象一个正在沸腾的水壶。升起的蒸汽就是一个epiphenomenon; 它是水达到沸点的直接结果。虽然蒸汽是可见的并且可以测量，但它并不影响沸腾过程本身。类似地，在人类认知的背景下，我们的思想和感觉可以被视为神经活动的epiphenomena。它们是复杂大脑功能的可观察结果，但不一定影响基本的生物过程。 这种区别引发了关于意识本质的有趣问题。我们的思想仅仅是大脑活动的epiphenomena，还是在塑造我们的行为和决策中扮演更积极的角色？一些哲学家认为，如果意识只是一个epiphenomenon，那么它就缺乏因果能力。这种观点暗示了一种决定论的观点，人类行为的所有行动都由大脑中的物理过程预先决定。 然而，其他人则认为，虽然意识可能作为一个epiphenomenon出现，但它仍然具有一种独特的品质，可以影响我们的选择。例如，考虑一个人反思自己动机的内省时刻。在这种情况下，意识的思维过程似乎引导个体的行为，挑战了它仅仅是被动副产品的观点。 围绕epiphenomena的辩论不仅延伸到哲学，还进入心理学和神经科学等实际应用。理解情感是否是真正的epiphenomena或决策的核心成分，可以影响治疗方法。如果情感被视为仅仅是副产品，治疗可能只集中在改变大脑的物理条件上。相反，认识到情感作为有影响力的因素，可能导致更全面的治疗，既关注心理健康也关注情感健康。 此外，将意识视为epiphenomenon的影响也可能影响我们对道德责任的理解。如果我们的思想和意图只是大脑活动的epiphenomena，那么这就引发了关于责任的问题。如果这些行为是由超出他们控制的神经过程决定的，个体能否真正对自己的行为负责？ 总之，epiphenomena的概念作为我们审视心灵与身体之间复杂关系的重要视角。虽然它提供了一个框架来理解次要效应如何从主要原因中产生，但同时它也挑战我们探索意识的深度以及它在多大程度上影响我们的生活。随着我们继续调查这些深刻的问题，围绕epiphenomena的对话仍然是弥合哲学、科学和我们日常经验之间差距的关键。