ergative

简明释义

英[ˈɜːɡətɪv]美[ˈɜːrɡətɪv]

（巴斯克语、爱斯基摩语等中）动者格的

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The paper analyzes the difference between middle verbs and ergative verbs in argument structures at first:in the former the event argument is suppressed, but the latter does not affect that argument.

本文首先讨论中动词和作格动词论元结构的不同之处：在中动结构中，事件论元受到了抑制； 在作格结构中，事件论元没受到任何影响。

2.The paper analyzes the difference between middle verbs and ergative verbs in argument structures at first:in the former the event argument is suppressed, but the latter does not affect that argument.

本文首先讨论中动词和作格动词论元结构的不同之处：在中动结构中，事件论元受到了抑制； 在作格结构中，事件论元没受到任何影响。

3.The Ergative Hypothesis proposed by Perlmutter (1978) distinguishes two classes of intransitive verbs --- unergative verbs (UV) and ergative verbs (EV).

提出非宾格假说，将不及物动词分为非作格动词（UV）和作格动词。

4.Then through categorization, we find that external causation and spontaneous occurrence codetermine the semantic properties of English ergative pairs.

通过分类与辨析，本文发现外部致使和自发产生是共同决定作格动词的语义特性。

5.According to syntactic and semantic properties, it is divided into prototypical ergative construction and non-prototypical ergative construction.

以句法、语义特征为标准，将其分为两大类：原型作格句和特殊作格句。

6.The Ergative Hypothesis distinguishes one of the classes of intransitive verbs—unergative verbs (UV).

格律性假设区分了一类不及物动词的——非作格动词（UV）。

7.The verb 'grow' is ergative because you can say 'She grew flowers in her garden' or 'Flowers grew in her garden'.

grow为作格动词，因为既可以说Shegrewflowersinhergarden，也可以说Flowersgrew in her garden.

8.In linguistics, an ergative verb indicates that the subject performs the action rather than receiving it.

在语言学中，ergative 动词表示主语执行动作而不是接收动作。

9.Languages like Georgian have a distinct ergative case system that marks the subject of a transitive verb differently.

像格鲁吉亚语这样的语言有一个独特的ergative 格系统，以不同的方式标记及物动词的主语。

10.The ergative construction can often be confusing for learners of languages that use it.

对于学习使用ergative 结构的语言的人来说，这常常会令人困惑。

11.In an ergative language, the subject of an intransitive verb is treated like the object of a transitive verb.

在ergative 语言中，不及物动词的主语被视为及物动词的宾语。

12.Understanding the ergative alignment helps in grasping how different languages structure their sentences.

理解ergative 对齐有助于掌握不同语言如何构造句子。

作文

In the study of linguistics, the term ergative refers to a grammatical case that marks the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb. This concept is crucial for understanding how different languages structure their sentences. In many languages, including English, the subject of a transitive verb is marked in a way that is different from the subject of an intransitive verb. For instance, in the sentence 'The dog chased the cat,' 'the dog' is the subject of a transitive verb, while in 'The dog ran,' 'the dog' is the subject of an intransitive verb. However, in ergative languages, the distinction between these two subjects is often highlighted through the use of different grammatical markers. One of the most prominent examples of an ergative language is Georgian, which employs an ergative-absolutive alignment. In this structure, the subject of an intransitive verb behaves like the object of a transitive verb, both being marked in the same way, while the subject of a transitive verb takes a different marker. This can lead to a fascinating array of sentence structures that differ significantly from those found in nominative-accusative languages like English. Understanding the ergative case is essential for linguists who are interested in the diversity of language structures around the world. It also has implications for cognitive science, as it raises questions about how language influences thought processes. For example, speakers of ergative languages might conceptualize actions and agents differently than speakers of nominative-accusative languages, potentially affecting their perception of events. Moreover, the study of ergative constructions can shed light on language evolution and change. Linguists often explore how languages shift between different alignment systems over time, providing insights into historical language development. For example, some languages that were once purely ergative have evolved to incorporate nominative-accusative structures, demonstrating the fluidity and adaptability of human language. In practical terms, recognizing ergative structures can be particularly valuable for language learners. When learning an ergative language, one must pay careful attention to the ways subjects and objects are marked, as this can greatly affect meaning and clarity in communication. Language teachers often emphasize the importance of understanding these distinctions to help students become proficient speakers. In summary, the concept of ergative is a fascinating area of study within linguistics that highlights the diversity of grammatical structures across languages. By examining how different languages handle subjects and objects, we gain deeper insights into the nature of language itself and its role in shaping human thought and communication. As we continue to explore the complexities of language, the study of ergative cases will undoubtedly remain a vital and intriguing topic for linguists and language enthusiasts alike.

在语言学研究中，术语ergative指的是一种语法格，用于标记不及物动词的主语和及物动词的宾语。这个概念对于理解不同语言如何构造句子至关重要。在许多语言中，包括英语，及物动词的主语和不及物动词的主语在标记上是不同的。例如，在句子“狗追猫”中，“狗”是及物动词的主语，而在“狗跑了”中，“狗”是不及物动词的主语。然而，在ergative语言中，这两个主语之间的区别通常通过使用不同的语法标记来强调。 一个最突出的ergative语言例子是格鲁吉亚语，它采用了ergative-absolutive对齐结构。在这种结构中，不及物动词的主语的标记与及物动词的宾语的标记相同，而及物动词的主语则采用不同的标记。这可能导致一系列迷人的句子结构，这些结构与英语等主谓宾语言有显著不同。 理解ergative格对那些对世界语言结构多样性感兴趣的语言学家至关重要。这也对认知科学有影响，因为它引发了关于语言如何影响思维过程的问题。例如，讲ergative语言的人可能会以不同于讲主谓宾语言的人来概念化动作和主体，这可能会影响他们对事件的感知。 此外，研究ergative结构可以揭示语言演变和变化的线索。语言学家经常探索语言如何在不同的对齐系统之间转变，从而提供历史语言发展的见解。例如，一些曾经完全是ergative的语言已经发展为包含主谓宾结构，展示了人类语言的流动性和适应性。 在实际应用中，认识到ergative结构对于语言学习者尤其重要。当学习一种ergative语言时，必须仔细注意主语和宾语的标记方式，因为这可能极大地影响交流中的意义和清晰度。语言教师通常强调理解这些区别的重要性，以帮助学生成为熟练的说话者。 总之，ergative的概念是语言学中的一个迷人领域，突显了语言之间语法结构的多样性。通过考察不同语言如何处理主语和宾语，我们可以更深入地了解语言本身的性质及其在塑造人类思维和交流中的作用。随着我们继续探索语言的复杂性，ergative格的研究无疑将继续成为语言学家和语言爱好者们一个重要而引人入胜的话题。