excludability

简明释义

英[/ɪkˌskluːdəˈbɪləti/]美[/ɪkˌskluːdəˈbɪləti/]

n. 排他性；可排除性

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Globalization can be considered as a public article reflecting the characters of public objects such as non-rival and non-excludability.

全球化满足了公共物品的非竞争性和非排他性特征。因此，可以将全球化看作一个公共物品。

2.Globalization can be considered as a public article reflecting the characters of public objects such as non-rival and non-excludability.

全球化满足了公共物品的非竞争性和非排他性特征。因此，可以将全球化看作一个公共物品。

3.Non-excludability is a characteristic of public goods.

非排他性是公共货物的特征。

4.The concept of excludability is crucial in determining whether a resource can be restricted to certain users.

概念排他性在确定资源是否可以限制给特定用户方面至关重要。

5.Public goods often lack excludability, making it difficult to charge individuals for their use.

公共物品通常缺乏排他性，这使得对个人使用进行收费变得困难。

6.In the case of private parks, excludability allows the owners to limit access to paying customers only.

在私人公园的情况下，排他性允许所有者仅限制付费顾客的进入。

7.The excludability of a service can influence its pricing model significantly.

服务的排他性可以显著影响其定价模式。

8.Digital content often faces challenges related to excludability due to easy sharing and piracy.

由于易于分享和盗版，数字内容通常面临与排他性相关的挑战。

作文

In economics, the concept of excludability refers to the ability to prevent individuals from accessing a good or service. This is an important principle that helps categorize goods into different types, such as private goods, public goods, and common resources. Understanding excludability is essential for analyzing market efficiency and the provision of public services. Private goods are characterized by both excludability and rivalry in consumption. For instance, when you purchase a sandwich, you have exclusive rights to that sandwich, and others cannot consume it unless they buy their own. This exclusivity ensures that the seller can profit from their product, incentivizing them to produce more. The excludability of private goods makes them easier to allocate through market mechanisms. On the other hand, public goods are defined by their non-excludability and non-rivalry. A classic example is national defense. Once a country provides defense services, it is impossible to exclude anyone from benefiting from it, regardless of whether they contribute to its funding. This leads to the 'free rider problem,' where individuals may choose not to pay for the service while still enjoying its benefits. The lack of excludability in public goods often results in under-provision since private entities have little incentive to produce them. Common resources, like fish in the ocean, exhibit a different dynamic. They are rivalrous but non-excludable, meaning that while one person's consumption of fish reduces the amount available for others, it is challenging to prevent anyone from fishing. This can lead to over-exploitation and depletion of the resource, a phenomenon known as the 'tragedy of the commons.' The absence of excludability in these cases complicates management and sustainability efforts. The implications of excludability extend beyond simple economic theory; they play a crucial role in policy-making and resource management. Governments often intervene in markets to address issues arising from the lack of excludability. For instance, they may impose regulations on common resources to prevent overuse or provide public goods through taxation to ensure adequate funding. Furthermore, the rise of technology and digital goods has introduced new dimensions to the concept of excludability. Digital content, such as music and movies, can be easily shared and copied, leading to challenges in enforcing excludability. This has prompted discussions about intellectual property rights and how to protect creators while ensuring access for consumers. In conclusion, the concept of excludability is fundamental in understanding how goods and services are provided and consumed in our economy. It influences market behavior, resource management, and public policy. By recognizing the different types of goods based on their excludability, we can better address the challenges and opportunities presented in various economic scenarios. As we navigate the complexities of modern economies, the principles surrounding excludability will remain pivotal in shaping our approach to resource allocation and public welfare.

在经济学中，“excludability”这一概念指的是防止个人获取某种商品或服务的能力。这是一个重要的原则，有助于将商品分类为不同类型，例如私人物品、公共物品和共同资源。理解excludability对于分析市场效率和公共服务的提供至关重要。 私人物品的特点是具有excludability和消费上的竞争性。例如，当你购买一个三明治时，你拥有对这个三明治的独占权，其他人无法在不购买自己的情况下消费它。这种独占性确保了卖方可以从他们的产品中获利，从而激励他们生产更多的商品。私人物品的excludability使得通过市场机制更容易进行分配。 另一方面，公共物品的定义是非排他性和非竞争性。一个经典的例子是国家防御。一旦一个国家提供了防御服务，就不可能排除任何人享受这些服务，无论他们是否为其资金做出贡献。这导致了“搭便车问题”，即个人可能选择不为该服务支付费用，同时仍然享受其好处。公共物品中缺乏excludability通常导致供给不足，因为私人实体很少有激励去生产这些物品。 共同资源，如海洋中的鱼，表现出不同的动态。它们是竞争性的，但非排他性的，这意味着虽然一个人消费鱼会减少其他人可用的数量，但很难阻止任何人捕鱼。这可能导致资源的过度开发和枯竭，这种现象被称为“公地悲剧”。在这些情况下，缺乏excludability使得管理和可持续性努力变得复杂。 excludability的影响超越了简单的经济理论；它在政策制定和资源管理中发挥着关键作用。政府经常干预市场，以解决因缺乏excludability而产生的问题。例如，他们可能对共同资源施加监管，以防止过度使用，或通过征税提供公共物品，以确保充足的资金。 此外，科技和数字商品的兴起为excludability的概念引入了新的维度。数字内容，如音乐和电影，可以轻易分享和复制，导致在执行excludability方面的挑战。这促使人们讨论知识产权以及如何在保护创作者的同时确保消费者的获取。 总之，excludability的概念在理解我们经济中商品和服务的提供与消费方面至关重要。它影响市场行为、资源管理和公共政策。通过根据其excludability识别不同类型的商品，我们可以更好地应对各种经济场景中出现的挑战和机遇。在我们应对现代经济的复杂性时，围绕excludability的原则将继续在塑造我们对资源分配和公共福利的看法中发挥关键作用。