existentialism

简明释义

英[ˌeɡzɪˈstenʃəlɪzəm]美[ˌeɡzɪˈstenʃəlɪzəm]

n. 存在主义

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Absurdityadvocated by existentialism comes to be one of the themes of black humor novels.

存在主义强调的荒诞更是成为黑色幽默小说的主题之一。

2.This thesis, approaching from the perspective of Existentialism, attempts to explore the existentialistic tendency in the novel.

本论文将从存在主义的角度来探讨《看不见的人》这部小说中的存在主义倾向。

3.According to the theory of existentialism, Ba is a context, which harbours meaning.

根据存在主义的理论，“场所”是一个环境，有庇护所之意。

4.It is the latter which is the deeper meaning of existentialism.

后者才是存在主义比较深层的意义。

5.That is the very starting point of existentialism.

这正是存在主义的出发点。

6.His deep consciousness about life reality was a great contribution to the existentialism.

他对存在主义的贡献，就在于对生存真实的深度察觉。

7.The Sarttre free thought is the existentialism person of this thought important constituent.

萨特的自由思想是存在主义人本思想的重要组成部分。

8.In college, I took a course on existentialism 存在主义 that challenged my views on life and purpose.

在大学，我选修了一门关于存在主义 存在主义的课程，这挑战了我对生活和目的的看法。

9.Many famous authors, like Sartre, are known for their contributions to existentialism 存在主义.

许多著名作家，如萨特，以他们对存在主义 存在主义的贡献而闻名。

10.The themes of freedom and choice are central to existentialism 存在主义 philosophy.

自由和选择的主题是存在主义 存在主义哲学的核心。

11.I often find myself questioning reality through the lens of existentialism 存在主义.

我经常通过存在主义 存在主义的视角质疑现实。

12.The movie explores existentialism 存在主义 by depicting characters facing absurd situations.

这部电影通过描绘面临荒谬情境的角色来探索存在主义 存在主义。

作文

The philosophy of existentialism is one that has intrigued thinkers, writers, and artists for decades. At its core, existentialism emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice. It posits that individuals are responsible for giving meaning to their own lives in a world that may seem inherently meaningless. This can be both liberating and daunting, as it places the burden of meaning-making squarely on the shoulders of the individual. One of the most prominent figures in existentialism is Jean-Paul Sartre, who famously stated that 'existence precedes essence.' This means that people first exist, encounter themselves, and rise in the world – only then do they define themselves. In contrast to traditional philosophical views that suggest a predetermined essence or purpose for human beings, existentialism asserts that it is up to each person to create their own essence through actions and choices. This idea leads to the concept of 'bad faith,' which Sartre describes as a form of self-deception where individuals deny their own freedom and responsibility. For instance, when someone blames their circumstances or societal expectations for their actions, they are not fully embracing the principles of existentialism. Instead, they are relinquishing their power to shape their own lives. Another key figure in this philosophical movement is Simone de Beauvoir, who extended existentialism to discussions of gender and ethics. In her seminal work, 'The Second Sex,' she explores how women have been historically defined by men and argues for the necessity of women to assert their own identities and freedoms. De Beauvoir's insights highlight how existentialism is not just about individual freedom but also about social and political implications. Moreover, existentialism addresses the feelings of absurdity and alienation that can arise from modern life. The works of Albert Camus, particularly 'The Myth of Sisyphus,' delve into the struggle against the absurd. Camus suggests that although life may seem devoid of meaning, individuals can find value in the act of living itself. By embracing the absurd and continuing to search for meaning despite the lack of inherent purpose, one can achieve a sense of fulfillment. In literature, existentialism has influenced countless authors, from Franz Kafka to Fyodor Dostoevsky. These writers explore themes of isolation, existential dread, and the quest for identity, reflecting the complexities of human existence. Their characters often grapple with profound questions about life, death, and the nature of reality, embodying the struggles central to existentialism. In conclusion, existentialism is a rich and complex philosophical movement that challenges individuals to confront their freedom and responsibility. It encourages self-exploration and authenticity, urging people to create their own meanings in a world that often feels chaotic and indifferent. While the journey of embracing existentialism can be fraught with anxiety and uncertainty, it ultimately offers a path toward personal empowerment and understanding. As we navigate our own lives, the principles of existentialism remind us that we hold the keys to our own destinies, and it is up to us to unlock the potential within ourselves.

存在主义是一种吸引了思想家、作家和艺术家数十年的哲学。它的核心强调个人存在、自由和选择。它认为，个人有责任在一个可能看似本质上毫无意义的世界中赋予自己的生活以意义。这既可以是解放性的，也可以是令人畏惧的，因为它将意义创造的重担完全放在个体的肩上。 让-保罗·萨特是存在主义中最突出的代表之一，他曾著名地说过“存在先于本质”。这意味着人们首先存在，遇见自己，并在世界中崛起——然后他们才定义自己。与传统哲学观点相对，后者认为人类有一个预定的本质或目的，存在主义主张每个人都必须通过行动和选择来创造自己的本质。 这一思想引出了“恶心”的概念，萨特将其描述为一种自我欺骗的形式，个体否认自己的自由和责任。例如，当某人将自己的处境或社会期望归咎于自己的行为时，他们并没有完全拥抱存在主义的原则。相反，他们放弃了塑造自己生活的权力。 西蒙娜·德·波伏娃是另一个在此哲学运动中重要的人物，她将存在主义延伸至性别和伦理的讨论。在她的开创性著作《第二性》中，她探讨了女性如何被历史上男性定义，并主张女性必须主张自己的身份和自由。波伏娃的见解突显了存在主义不仅关乎个体自由，还涉及社会和政治的影响。 此外，存在主义还解决了现代生活中可能出现的荒谬感和疏离感。阿尔贝·加缪的作品，特别是《西西弗神话》，深入探讨了与荒谬的斗争。加缪认为，尽管生活可能看起来缺乏意义，个体仍然可以在生活本身的行为中找到价值。通过接受荒谬并继续寻找意义，尽管缺乏固有的目的，人们可以实现一种满足感。 在文学中，存在主义影响了无数作家，从弗朗茨·卡夫卡到陀思妥耶夫斯基。这些作家探讨了孤独、存在的恐惧以及身份的追求等主题，反映了人类存在的复杂性。他们的角色往往与关于生活、死亡和现实本质的深刻问题作斗争，体现了存在主义的中心斗争。 总之，存在主义是一种丰富而复杂的哲学运动，它挑战个体面对自己的自由和责任。它鼓励自我探索和真实，敦促人们在一个常常感觉混乱和冷漠的世界中创造自己的意义。尽管拥抱存在主义的旅程可能充满焦虑和不确定性，但它最终提供了一条通向个人赋权和理解的道路。当我们在自己的生活中航行时，存在主义的原则提醒我们，我们掌握着自己命运的钥匙，而我们必须解锁内心的潜力。