exocytosis

简明释义

英[eksəʊsaɪˈtəʊsɪs]美[ˌeksoʊsaɪˈtoʊsɪs]

n. [细胞] 胞外分泌；炎细胞外涉

英英释义

单词用法

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例句

1.Conclusion SNAP-23 can regulate the cytotoxicity through modulating exocytosis of NK cells.

结论SNAP - 23通过调控NK细胞的胞吐效应而参与NK细胞杀伤效应的调控。

2.The result of bioinformatics analysis implied that the protein might be involved in cumulus expansion through exocytosis.

最后，通过生物信息学分析发现，这个蛋白可能是通过胞吐参与了卵丘细胞扩展过程。

3.Although markers for both small vesicles and large dense core vesicles are found in astrocytes, the identity of vesicles undergoing exocytosis has been largely unclear.

尽管人们已经在星型胶质细胞中发现了小囊泡和大致密核心囊泡的标记物，可是用以胞吐的囊泡究竟是什么还并不清楚。

4.Both products are released by exocytosis.

两种产物都由外排作用释放出来。

5.Small granular cells have the function of phagocytosis able to release electron dense granules by exocytosis when stimulated by antigen.

小颗粒细胞具有吞噬功能，在受到抗原刺激时可以胞吐方式释放细胞中的电子致密颗粒。

6.More and more lines of evidences suggest that PLD may be pivotal on multiple specialized steps in receptor mediated phagocytosis and exocytosis.

大量研究表明PLD激活是受体介导的胞吞和胞吐过程中关键的一步。

7.Exocytosis the bulk transport of materials out of the cell across the plasma membrane.

指跨细胞膜的大量物质向胞外的输送。

8.Diatoms already secrete silica by exocytosis-a biological process by which cells direct secreted material outside the cell walls.

硅藻已经通过胞外分泌二氧化硅，这是细胞直接把物质分泌出细胞壁的一个生物过程。

9.During the process of neurotransmission, neurons rely on exocytosis (胞吐) to release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

在神经传递过程中，神经元依靠exocytosis（胞吐）将神经递质释放到突触间隙。

10.In immune cells, exocytosis (胞吐) is essential for the release of cytokines that help regulate the immune response.

在免疫细胞中，exocytosis（胞吐）对释放细胞因子至关重要，这有助于调节免疫反应。

11.Pancreatic beta cells use exocytosis (胞吐) to secrete insulin in response to elevated blood glucose levels.

胰腺β细胞利用exocytosis（胞吐）在血糖水平升高时分泌胰岛素。

12.The secretion of mucus in respiratory epithelial cells involves exocytosis (胞吐) to expel mucus onto the surface.

呼吸道上皮细胞中的粘液分泌涉及exocytosis（胞吐）将粘液排放到表面。

13.In plant cells, exocytosis (胞吐) helps in the transport of proteins to the cell wall.

在植物细胞中，exocytosis（胞吐）有助于蛋白质运输到细胞壁。

作文

In the intricate world of cellular biology, various processes enable cells to communicate and transport essential materials. One such vital process is exocytosis, which refers to the mechanism by which cells expel materials to the outside environment. This process plays a crucial role in numerous physiological functions, including hormone secretion, neurotransmitter release, and the removal of waste products from the cell. Understanding exocytosis is fundamental for grasping how cells maintain homeostasis and interact with their surroundings. To delve deeper into exocytosis, it is important to first understand how it fits within the broader context of cellular transport mechanisms. Cells are surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane that regulates the entry and exit of substances. There are two primary types of transport: passive and active. Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport does. Exocytosis falls under the category of active transport, as it requires energy in the form of ATP to function effectively. The process of exocytosis begins when materials intended for export are packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are small, membrane-bound sacs that can carry proteins, lipids, or other macromolecules. Once the vesicle is formed, it moves towards the cell membrane, often guided by the cytoskeleton, which provides structural support and helps transport the vesicles efficiently. As the vesicle approaches the cell membrane, it undergoes a series of changes to facilitate fusion with the membrane. This fusion is a critical step in exocytosis, allowing the contents of the vesicle to be released into the extracellular space. The process is mediated by specific proteins known as SNAREs, which help the vesicle and cell membranes to merge seamlessly. Once the membranes fuse, the vesicle opens up, and its contents are expelled outside the cell. The significance of exocytosis cannot be overstated. For instance, in the nervous system, neurons rely on this process to release neurotransmitters at synapses, enabling communication between nerve cells. Similarly, endocrine cells use exocytosis to secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, where they can travel to target organs and tissues to exert their effects. Additionally, immune cells utilize exocytosis to release enzymes and signaling molecules that help defend the body against pathogens. Moreover, exocytosis also plays a pivotal role in the recycling of membrane components. After the vesicle has fused with the cell membrane, the membrane material can be recycled back into the cell, ensuring that the cell maintains its structural integrity and functionality. This recycling process is essential for maintaining the balance of membrane proteins and lipids, which are critical for various cellular functions. In conclusion, exocytosis is a fundamental biological process that allows cells to export materials essential for their function and survival. From neurotransmitter release in the nervous system to hormone secretion in the endocrine system, exocytosis is integral to many physiological processes. By understanding this complex mechanism, we gain insight into how cells operate and communicate, paving the way for advancements in medical science and biotechnology. Overall, the study of exocytosis not only enhances our knowledge of cellular biology but also contributes to the development of therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

在细胞生物学的复杂世界中，各种过程使细胞能够沟通和运输重要材料。其中一个重要过程是外排作用，指的是细胞将材料排放到外部环境的机制。这个过程在许多生理功能中起着至关重要的作用，包括激素分泌、神经递质释放以及细胞内废物的去除。理解外排作用是掌握细胞如何维持稳态和与周围环境相互作用的基础。 为了更深入地探讨外排作用，首先需要了解它在更广泛的细胞运输机制中的位置。细胞被脂质双层膜包围，该膜调节物质的进出。有两种主要的运输类型：被动运输和主动运输。被动运输不需要能量，而主动运输则需要。外排作用属于主动运输的范畴，因为它需要以ATP的形式提供能量，以有效运作。 外排作用的过程始于将要输出的材料包装成囊泡。这些囊泡是小型的膜结合囊，可以携带蛋白质、脂质或其他大分子。一旦囊泡形成，它就会向细胞膜移动，通常由细胞骨架引导，细胞骨架提供结构支持并帮助有效运输囊泡。 当囊泡接近细胞膜时，它会经历一系列变化，以促进与膜的融合。这种融合是外排作用中的关键步骤，允许囊泡的内容物释放到细胞外空间。这个过程由特定的蛋白质SNARE介导，这些蛋白质帮助囊泡和细胞膜无缝融合。一旦膜融合，囊泡就会打开，其内容物被排放到细胞外。 外排作用的重要性不可低估。例如，在神经系统中，神经元依赖这一过程在突触处释放神经递质，从而使神经细胞之间进行交流。同样，内分泌细胞利用外排作用直接将激素分泌到血液中，使其能够运输到目标器官和组织，发挥作用。此外，免疫细胞利用外排作用释放酶和信号分子，帮助抵御病原体。 此外，外排作用在膜成分的回收中也起着关键作用。在囊泡与细胞膜融合后，膜材料可以被回收到细胞内部，确保细胞保持其结构完整性和功能性。这种回收过程对于维持膜蛋白和脂质的平衡至关重要，而这些对于各种细胞功能至关重要。 总之，外排作用是一个基本的生物过程，使细胞能够输出对其功能和生存至关重要的材料。从神经系统中的神经递质释放到内分泌系统中的激素分泌，外排作用在许多生理过程中都是不可或缺的。通过理解这一复杂机制，我们获得了关于细胞如何运作和沟通的见解，为医学科学和生物技术的进步铺平了道路。总体而言，研究外排作用不仅增强了我们对细胞生物学的认识，还为各种疾病的治疗策略的发展做出了贡献。