exon

简明释义

英[ˈeksɒn]美[ˌekˈsɔːn]

n. [生化]外显子

n. （Exon）人名；（英）埃克森

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Results the DHPLC find the exon 7, 9 polymorphism.

结果：变性高效液相色谱检测出7、9号外显子多态性。

2.Tumor biopsies were evaluated for the presence of somatic mutations in exons 18-21 of EGFR and exon 2 of RAS by bi-directional sequencing.

对肿瘤组织进行或组织检查以检测EGFR的18—21外显子的突变并应用双向测定法检测RAS的2外显子的突变。

3.Methed Unsymmetrical PCR was used to amplify HLA A gene exon 2,3. The PCR products were used as templates for hybridization.

方法采用不对称PCR方法，扩增HLA A基因的第2 ，3外显子，荧光标记扩增产物，作为杂交模板。

4.The mutations, including in-frame deletions at exon 19 and substitutions at exon 18 or exon 21, cluster around ATP-binding pocket of TK domain.

这些突变均发生在酪氨酸激酶域的ATP结合域附近，突变为19号外显子上的缺失突变，或18和21号外显子上的替代突变。

5.AIM: to observe the correlation of the 17 exon gene polymorphism of insulin receptor gene and the Chinese cerebral infarction and primary hypertension.

目的：观察胰岛素受体基因第17外显子基因多态性与中国人脑梗死和原发性高血压的相关性。

6.Objective To screen the point mutation at the codon 54(GGC54GAC) in the first exon of the mannan binding lectin (MBL) gene in Hans from Guangdong.

目的对广东地区汉族人群的甘露聚糖结合凝集素结构基因第一外显子第54位密码点突变（GGC54GAC）进行初步筛查。

7.Conclusion: Mutation of Exon a in ar gene plays a very important part in development of infertile men with oligospermia.

结论：雄性激素受体基因外显子a即基因转录激活区的突变是造成少精不育的重要原因。

8.Association studies revealed no association betweenG352A in exon 15 of DAT1 and ADHD.

家系和病例对照研究表明，DAT1第15外显子G352A 基因和ADHD 之间不存在关联。

9.The gene consists of multiple exons, which are the coding regions of the DNA.

这个基因由多个外显子组成，它们是DNA的编码区域。

10.During RNA splicing, the exons are joined together while the introns are removed.

在RNA剪接过程中，外显子被连接在一起，而内含子则被移除。

11.Mutations in the exons can lead to significant changes in protein function.

在外显子中的突变可能导致蛋白质功能的显著变化。

12.Researchers are studying the role of specific exons in cancer development.

研究人员正在研究特定外显子在癌症发展中的作用。

13.Some genes have alternative exons that can be included or excluded in different tissues.

一些基因有可选择的外显子，可以在不同组织中被包含或排除。

作文

In the realm of genetics, understanding the structure of genes is crucial for comprehending how organisms develop and function. One important component of genes is the exon, which plays a significant role in the coding sequences of DNA. An exon is defined as a segment of a gene that contains the information necessary to code for proteins. Unlike introns, which are non-coding regions that are spliced out during the process of transcription, exons remain in the mature messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule and are ultimately translated into amino acids, forming proteins. This distinction between exons and introns is vital for the accurate expression of genes. The process of gene expression begins with transcription, where DNA is transcribed into mRNA. During this process, the entire gene, including both exons and introns, is initially copied into a precursor mRNA. However, before this precursor mRNA can be translated into a protein, it undergoes a process called RNA splicing. This is where the exons are joined together, and the introns are removed. The resulting mRNA, now consisting only of exons, is then transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. The significance of exons extends beyond their role in coding for proteins. They also contribute to the diversity of proteins through a process known as alternative splicing. This mechanism allows a single gene to produce multiple protein isoforms by rearranging the combination of exons that are included in the final mRNA transcript. For example, one gene may have several exons that can be mixed and matched in various ways, leading to different proteins that can perform distinct functions within the cell. This adds a layer of complexity to gene regulation and protein synthesis, highlighting the intricate nature of genetic information. Moreover, the study of exons has important implications in the field of medicine. Mutations within exons can lead to various genetic disorders and diseases. For instance, if a mutation occurs within an exon that encodes a critical part of a protein, it can result in a dysfunctional protein that may not perform its intended role in the body. Understanding these mutations can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of genetic conditions, paving the way for targeted therapies that address the underlying genetic causes. In conclusion, exons are essential components of genes that play a pivotal role in the coding of proteins. Their ability to contribute to protein diversity through alternative splicing underscores their importance in biological processes. Furthermore, the implications of exons in genetic diseases highlight the need for continued research in this area. As we advance our understanding of genetics, the study of exons will undoubtedly remain a key focus, providing insights that could lead to breakthroughs in medicine and biotechnology.

在遗传学领域，理解基因的结构对于理解生物体的发展和功能至关重要。基因的一个重要组成部分是外显子，它在DNA的编码序列中发挥着重要作用。外显子被定义为基因的一段，包含了编码蛋白质所需的信息。与内含子不同，内含子是转录过程中被剪接掉的非编码区域，而外显子则保留在成熟的信使RNA（mRNA）分子中，最终被翻译成氨基酸，形成蛋白质。这种外显子和内含子之间的区别对于基因的准确表达至关重要。 基因表达的过程始于转录，DNA被转录为mRNA。在这个过程中，整个基因，包括外显子和内含子，最初都被复制成前体mRNA。然而，在这个前体mRNA可以被翻译成蛋白质之前，它经历了一个称为RNA剪接的过程。在这个过程中，外显子被连接在一起，而内含子则被移除。最终生成的mRNA现在仅由外显子组成，然后从细胞核转运到细胞质中，作为蛋白质合成的模板。 外显子的重要性不仅限于它们在编码蛋白质中的角色。它们还通过一种称为可变剪接的过程贡献了蛋白质的多样性。这个机制允许单个基因通过重新排列包含在最终mRNA转录本中的外显子的组合来产生多个蛋白质异构体。例如，一个基因可能有几个可以以不同方式混合和匹配的外显子，导致不同的蛋白质可以在细胞内执行不同的功能。这为基因调控和蛋白质合成增加了一层复杂性，突显了遗传信息的复杂本质。 此外，外显子的研究在医学领域具有重要意义。发生在外显子内的突变可能导致各种遗传疾病和疾病。例如，如果突变发生在编码蛋白质关键部分的外显子内，可能会导致功能失常的蛋白质，无法在体内执行其预期的角色。理解这些突变可以帮助诊断和治疗遗传病，为针对根本遗传原因的靶向疗法铺平道路。 总之，外显子是基因的基本组成部分，在蛋白质编码中发挥着关键作用。它们通过可变剪接对蛋白质多样性的贡献凸显了它们在生物过程中的重要性。此外，外显子在遗传疾病中的意义突显了在这一领域持续研究的必要性。随着我们对遗传学理解的深入，外显子的研究无疑将继续成为一个重点，提供可能导致医学和生物技术突破的见解。