exotoxin

简明释义

英[ˌeksəʊˈtɒksɪn]美[ˌeksoʊˈtɒksɪn]

n. [基医] 外毒素；外泌毒

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.And no diphtherotoxin was detected in its soluble metabolites indicating that cell wall defect might affect the production of diphtherotoxin, therefore lost its pathogenic role in exotoxin production.

提示细胞壁缺陷变异可影响白喉棒状杆菌产生白喉毒素蛋白质，从而使其丧失了产生外毒素致病的作用。

2.And no diphtherotoxin was detected in its soluble metabolites indicating that cell wall defect might affect the production of diphtherotoxin, therefore lost its pathogenic role in exotoxin production.

提示细胞壁缺陷变异可影响白喉棒状杆菌产生白喉毒素蛋白质，从而使其丧失了产生外毒素致病的作用。

3.Objective in order to isolate and purify an exotoxin of Streptococcus mitis which can cause toxic shock syndrome and investigate its pathogenicity.

目的分离与纯化致中毒性休克综合征缓症链球菌外毒素蛋白，并对其致病性进行初步研究。

4.The toxin may be formed within the pathogen and released when it dies (endotoxin), or secreted through its cell wall (exotoxin).

由病原体通过细胞壁向外分泌的毒素为外毒素。

5.Objective Study on superantigen Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE) and its relationship with accessory cell (AC).

目的研究铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A（PE）的某些抗原性及其与辅助细胞的关系。

6.The bacterium produces an exotoxin that can cause severe illness in humans.

这种细菌产生一种外毒素，可能导致人类严重疾病。

7.Doctors are concerned about the effects of exotoxins in contaminated food supplies.

医生们担心在受污染的食品中存在的外毒素的影响。

8.Vaccines can help protect against diseases caused by exotoxins from certain bacteria.

疫苗可以帮助预防由某些细菌产生的外毒素引起的疾病。

9.Research is being conducted to find antidotes for specific exotoxins released by pathogens.

正在进行研究，以寻找针对病原体释放的特定外毒素的解毒剂。

10.The symptoms of the disease were linked to the presence of an exotoxin in the environment.

该疾病的症状与环境中存在的外毒素有关。

作文

In the field of microbiology, understanding the various types of toxins produced by bacteria is crucial for both medical and environmental science. One significant category of these toxins is known as exotoxin, which are toxic substances secreted by bacteria into their surrounding environment. Unlike endotoxins, which are part of the bacterial cell wall and only released when the bacteria die, exotoxin can be actively secreted by living bacteria, making them particularly harmful. This distinction is important because it affects how we approach treatment and prevention of diseases caused by these microorganisms. Exotoxin plays a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of many bacteria, contributing to their ability to cause disease. For instance, the bacterium *Clostridium botulinum* produces a potent exotoxin known as botulinum toxin, which can lead to severe paralysis and even death if ingested. This example highlights the importance of understanding exotoxin in both clinical settings and food safety regulations. When food is improperly preserved, the potential for exotoxin production increases, posing serious health risks to consumers. Another notable example of exotoxin is the diphtheria toxin produced by *Corynebacterium diphtheriae*. This toxin inhibits protein synthesis in human cells, leading to tissue damage and systemic effects that can be fatal without prompt medical intervention. Vaccination against diphtheria has been incredibly successful in reducing cases of this disease, demonstrating how knowledge of exotoxin can inform public health strategies. The mechanisms by which exotoxin exerts its effects are varied and complex. Many exotoxin molecules are enzymes that modify host cell functions, while others may interfere with cellular signaling pathways. For example, the cholera toxin, produced by *Vibrio cholerae*, causes severe diarrhea by modifying the signaling pathways that regulate fluid secretion in the intestines. This mechanism not only illustrates the potency of exotoxin but also emphasizes the need for ongoing research to develop effective treatments for infections caused by toxin-producing bacteria. Moreover, the study of exotoxin is not limited to understanding disease mechanisms; it also has implications for biotechnology and therapeutic applications. Scientists have explored the use of modified exotoxin in targeted cancer therapies, leveraging their ability to selectively kill certain cells. This innovative approach showcases the dual nature of exotoxin: while they can be harmful pathogens, they also hold potential as tools for medical advancement. In conclusion, exotoxin represents a fascinating and critical area of study within microbiology. Its role in disease causation, public health implications, and potential therapeutic applications make it an essential topic for researchers and healthcare professionals alike. By continuing to investigate the mechanisms and effects of exotoxin, we can enhance our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis and improve strategies for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. As we advance in our knowledge, it is imperative to remain vigilant about the threats posed by these powerful toxins and to utilize our understanding for the betterment of public health.

在微生物学领域，了解细菌产生的各种类型的毒素对于医学和环境科学至关重要。这些毒素中一个重要的类别被称为外毒素，它是细菌分泌到周围环境中的有毒物质。与内毒素不同，内毒素是细菌细胞壁的一部分，仅在细菌死亡时释放，外毒素可以由活细菌主动分泌，这使得它们特别有害。这一区别很重要，因为它影响我们对这些微生物引起的疾病的治疗和预防方法。 外毒素在许多细菌的致病性中发挥着关键作用，促进其引起疾病的能力。例如，细菌*Clostridium botulinum*产生一种强效的外毒素，称为肉毒毒素，如果摄入会导致严重的麻痹甚至死亡。这个例子突显了在临床环境和食品安全法规中理解外毒素的重要性。当食物保存不当时，外毒素的产生潜力增加，给消费者带来严重的健康风险。 另一个显著的外毒素例子是由*Corynebacterium diphtheriae*产生的白喉毒素。这种毒素通过抑制人体细胞的蛋白质合成，导致组织损伤和系统性影响，如果不及时干预可能是致命的。接种白喉疫苗在减少这种疾病的病例方面非常成功，展示了如何利用对外毒素的知识来制定公共卫生策略。 外毒素发挥作用的机制多种多样且复杂。许多外毒素分子是修改宿主细胞功能的酶，而其他可能干扰细胞信号传导通路。例如，由*Vibrio cholerae*产生的霍乱毒素通过修改调节肠道液体分泌的信号通路导致严重腹泻。这一机制不仅说明了外毒素的强效性，还强调了继续研究以开发有效治疗毒素产生细菌感染的方法的必要性。 此外，外毒素的研究并不限于理解疾病机制；它还对生物技术和治疗应用具有重要意义。科学家们探索了在靶向癌症治疗中使用改良外毒素的可能性，利用它们选择性杀死某些细胞的能力。这种创新方法展示了外毒素的双重性质：尽管它们可以是有害的病原体，但它们也可能作为医学进步的工具。 总之，外毒素代表了微生物学中一个引人入胜且关键的研究领域。它在疾病引起、公共卫生影响和潜在治疗应用中的作用使其成为研究人员和医疗专业人员共同关注的重要话题。通过继续研究外毒素的机制和影响，我们可以增强对细菌致病性的理解，并改善预防和治疗感染性疾病的策略。随着我们知识的进步，保持警惕，关注这些强大毒素所带来的威胁，并利用我们的理解促进公共卫生的发展，是至关重要的。