extracellularly

简明释义

英[ˌɛkstrəˈsɛljʊləli]美[ˌɛkstrəˈsɛljələrli]

adv. 细胞外地

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Stimulation electrodes were placed in the locus coeruleus (LC) and the sciatic nerve of the rat. Pain unit discharge of spinal dorsal horn was recorded extracellularly with glass microelectrodes.

将刺激电极安放于大鼠蓝斑(LC)及坐骨神经，用玻璃微电极记录脊髓背角痛敏单位的放电。

2.Stimulation electrodes were placed in the locus coeruleus (LC) and the sciatic nerve of the rat. Pain unit discharge of spinal dorsal horn was recorded extracellularly with glass microelectrodes.

将刺激电极安放于大鼠蓝斑(LC)及坐骨神经，用玻璃微电极记录脊髓背角痛敏单位的放电。

3.Foremost of these is our inability to reliably deliver such proteins to the interior of cells-all the therapies that have made it to the market so far act extracellularly.

最大的障碍是我们不能准确的吧蛋白质送到细胞内部- - -目前为止，市场上的所有疗法都是细胞外的。

4.Superoxide radical (O2-) is produced intracellularly as a consequence of aerobic metabolism and extracellularly by leukocytes in response to infection.

超氧自由基会在细胞有氧呼吸或者白细胞抵御感染的过程中产生。

5.Spermine was added extracellularly to the bath before anoxia and spermine, spermidine or putrescine was added extracellularly after reoxygenation.

分别在缺氧前给予精胺，缺氧-复氧后给予精胺、精脒、腐胺。

6.Single unit discharge of the dorsal hippocampus (HPC) CA1 area was recorded extracellularly by the glass microelectrode.

以玻璃微电极记录背海马CA 1区神经元放电。

7.Discharge of 166 units of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (arc) area was recorded extracellularly in 75 immobilized rats.

在75只清醒麻痹大鼠身上，记录了下丘脑弓状核(arc)区的166个单位放电。

8.The drug was administered extracellularly to target the infection more effectively.

药物被细胞外给药，以更有效地针对感染。

9.Cells communicate extracellularly through signaling molecules in the surrounding fluid.

细胞通过周围液体中的信号分子细胞外进行通信。

10.Proteins are often modified extracellularly before they are taken up by cells.

蛋白质在被细胞摄取之前，通常会在细胞外进行修饰。

11.The study focused on how nutrients are absorbed extracellularly by intestinal cells.

这项研究集中于营养物质是如何被肠道细胞细胞外吸收的。

12.In many tissues, cells release waste products extracellularly into the bloodstream.

在许多组织中，细胞将废物产品细胞外释放到血液中。

作文

The human body is a complex system composed of various cells, tissues, and organs that work together to maintain life. One of the critical aspects of cellular function is how cells interact with their environment. This interaction often occurs extracellularly, meaning outside the cell membrane. Understanding the significance of these interactions is essential for grasping the broader concepts of biology and medicine. Cells communicate with each other through chemical signals, which can be hormones or neurotransmitters. These signals are released into the extracellular space and bind to receptors on neighboring cells, initiating a response. For instance, when a hormone is released into the bloodstream, it travels extracellularly to reach target cells located far away from its source. This process is crucial for regulating various bodily functions, such as growth, metabolism, and immune responses. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a vital role in providing structural support to tissues. The ECM is a network of proteins and carbohydrates found extracellularly that helps anchor cells in place and facilitates communication between them. It consists of components like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin, which contribute to tissue integrity and elasticity. Any disruption in the ECM can lead to diseases, including cancer, where cells may migrate extracellularly in an uncontrolled manner. In addition to structural support, the ECM also influences cell behavior. Cells can sense their environment through integrins, which are receptors that bind to ECM components extracellularly. This binding triggers signaling pathways that can affect cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. For example, in wound healing, cells migrate extracellularly to the injury site, guided by signals from the ECM, to repair damaged tissue. Furthermore, many therapeutic strategies in modern medicine focus on manipulating extracellularly acting molecules to treat diseases. For instance, monoclonal antibodies are designed to target specific proteins present extracellularly on the surface of cancer cells. By binding to these proteins, the antibodies can inhibit tumor growth or mark the cells for destruction by the immune system. This approach highlights the importance of understanding extracellularly mediated interactions in developing effective treatments. In conclusion, the concept of functioning extracellularly is fundamental to understanding how cells operate within the larger context of the body. From communication and structural support to therapeutic applications, extracellularly occurring processes are integral to maintaining health and addressing disease. As research continues to uncover the complexities of these interactions, we gain valuable insights that could lead to innovative medical advancements and improved patient outcomes.

人体是一个复杂的系统，由各种细胞、组织和器官组成，这些部分共同合作以维持生命。细胞功能的一个关键方面是细胞如何与其环境相互作用。这种相互作用通常发生在细胞外，即在细胞膜之外。理解这些相互作用的重要性对于掌握生物学和医学的更广泛概念至关重要。 细胞通过化学信号与彼此沟通，这些信号可以是激素或神经递质。这些信号被释放到细胞外的空间中，并与邻近细胞上的受体结合，从而启动反应。例如，当一种激素释放到血液中时，它会在细胞外传播，以到达远离其来源的目标细胞。这个过程对调节各种身体功能（如生长、代谢和免疫反应）至关重要。 此外，细胞外基质（ECM）在为组织提供结构支持方面发挥着重要作用。ECM是一个由蛋白质和碳水化合物组成的网络，位于细胞外，帮助将细胞固定在适当位置，并促进它们之间的通信。它由胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白和纤连蛋白等成分组成，这些成分有助于组织的完整性和弹性。ECM的任何破坏都可能导致疾病，包括癌症，在这种情况下，细胞可能以不受控制的方式在细胞外迁移。 除了结构支持外，ECM还影响细胞行为。细胞可以通过整合素感知其环境，整合素是一种在细胞外与ECM成分结合的受体。这种结合触发信号通路，可以影响细胞增殖、分化和存活。例如，在伤口愈合过程中，细胞会在细胞外向伤口部位迁移，受到来自ECM的信号引导，以修复受损组织。 此外，现代医学中的许多治疗策略侧重于操控在细胞外起作用的分子以治疗疾病。例如，单克隆抗体被设计用来靶向存在于癌细胞表面的特定蛋白。通过与这些蛋白结合，抗体可以抑制肿瘤生长或标记细胞以便被免疫系统消灭。这一方法突显了理解在细胞外介导的相互作用在开发有效治疗中的重要性。 总之，细胞外功能的概念是理解细胞在身体更大背景下如何运作的基础。从通信和结构支持到治疗应用，发生在细胞外的过程对维持健康和应对疾病至关重要。随着研究继续揭示这些相互作用的复杂性，我们获得了宝贵的见解，这可能导致创新的医学进展和改善患者的结果。