falsifiability

简明释义

英[ˌfɔːl.sɪ.fəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti]美[ˌfɔl.səˈfaɪ.ə.bəl.ɪ.ti]

n. 可证伪性

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Conspiracy Theory, Philosophy of science, Falsifiability, Society.

阴谋理论；科学哲学；可证伪性；社会。

2.Conspiracy Theory, Philosophy of science, Falsifiability, Society.

阴谋理论；科学哲学；可证伪性；社会。

3.The scientific method relies heavily on the principle of falsifiability, which means that a theory must be testable and capable of being proven false.

科学方法在很大程度上依赖于可证伪性的原则，这意味着一个理论必须是可测试的，并且能够被证明是错误的。

4.Many philosophers argue that if a hypothesis lacks falsifiability, it cannot be considered scientific.

许多哲学家认为，如果一个假设缺乏可证伪性，那么它就不能被视为科学的。

5.In psychology, theories that are not based on falsifiability may lead to untestable claims and pseudoscience.

在心理学中，那些不基于可证伪性的理论可能导致无法验证的主张和伪科学。

6.The concept of falsifiability was introduced by philosopher Karl Popper as a criterion for demarcating science from non-science.

哲学家卡尔·波普尔提出的可证伪性概念是区分科学与非科学的标准。

7.A good scientific theory should possess falsifiability so that it can be rigorously tested against observations.

一个好的科学理论应该具备可证伪性，以便能够通过观察进行严格测试。

作文

The concept of falsifiability is fundamental to the philosophy of science. It refers to the ability of a theory or hypothesis to be proven false through observation or experiment. This principle, introduced by philosopher Karl Popper, suggests that for a theory to be considered scientific, it must make predictions that can be tested and potentially disproven. In other words, if a theory cannot be subjected to tests that could show it to be false, then it lacks falsifiability and is not truly scientific. To illustrate this, consider the theory of gravity. This scientific theory makes specific predictions about how objects will behave under certain conditions. For instance, if I drop a ball from a height, I can observe its fall and measure the time it takes to hit the ground. If the ball behaves in a way that contradicts the predictions of gravitational theory, then this theory can be challenged and potentially falsified. This characteristic is what gives scientific theories their strength; they are grounded in observable phenomena and can be tested repeatedly. On the other hand, many beliefs or claims lack falsifiability. For example, the assertion that 'a deity exists' is difficult to test scientifically. There are no definitive observations or experiments that can confirm or deny this claim in a way that adheres to the scientific method. As a result, such statements remain outside the realm of science because they do not allow for the possibility of being proven false. This distinction between scientific and non-scientific claims is crucial for advancing knowledge. The scientific method thrives on skepticism and the willingness to discard ideas that do not hold up under scrutiny. When scientists propose hypotheses, they do so with the understanding that these ideas must be open to testing and potential refutation. This creates a dynamic environment where knowledge can evolve as new evidence comes to light. Moreover, falsifiability plays a significant role in the debate surrounding pseudoscience. Many pseudoscientific claims, such as astrology or certain alternative medicine practices, often lack falsifiability. They may provide vague predictions or explanations that cannot be rigorously tested. This inability to be disproven often leads to a lack of progress in understanding and can mislead individuals seeking genuine answers. In conclusion, the principle of falsifiability is essential for distinguishing between scientific theories and non-scientific beliefs. It encourages rigorous testing and critical thinking, which are vital for the advancement of knowledge. By adhering to this principle, we can ensure that our understanding of the world is based on evidence and reason rather than unfounded claims. Embracing falsifiability allows us to build a more accurate and reliable body of knowledge, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.

“可证伪性”这一概念是科学哲学的基础。它指的是一个理论或假说通过观察或实验被证明为假的能力。这个原则由哲学家卡尔·波普尔提出，认为一个理论要被视为科学的，必须能够做出可以被测试和潜在证伪的预测。换句话说，如果一个理论不能够接受可能表明其错误的测试，那么它就缺乏“可证伪性”，也就不是真正的科学。 为了说明这一点，可以考虑重力理论。这个科学理论对物体在特定条件下的行为做出了具体预测。例如，如果我从一定高度扔下一个球，我可以观察它的下落并测量它到达地面的时间。如果球的行为与重力理论的预测相矛盾，那么这个理论就可以被质疑并可能被证伪。这一特性使得科学理论具有力量；它们建立在可观察现象的基础上，并可以反复进行测试。 另一方面，许多信仰或主张缺乏“可证伪性”。例如，“某个神存在”的主张在科学上很难测试。没有明确的观察或实验可以确认或否定这一主张，符合科学方法。因此，这类陈述仍然超出科学的范围，因为它们不允许被证明为假。 科学与非科学主张之间的这种区别对推动知识的发展至关重要。科学方法依赖于怀疑精神和愿意抛弃经不起审查的思想。当科学家提出假说时，他们这样做是因为他们理解这些想法必须开放于测试和潜在的推翻。这创造了一个动态的环境，使得随着新证据的出现，知识可以不断演变。 此外，“可证伪性”在围绕伪科学的辩论中也起着重要作用。许多伪科学主张，例如占星术或某些替代医学实践，往往缺乏“可证伪性”。它们可能提供模糊的预测或解释，无法经过严格测试。这种无法被证伪的特性常常导致对理解的缺乏进展，并可能误导那些寻求真正答案的人。 总之，“可证伪性”原则对于区分科学理论和非科学信仰至关重要。它鼓励严格的测试和批判性思维，这对知识的进步至关重要。通过遵循这一原则，我们可以确保我们对世界的理解是基于证据和理性的，而不是毫无根据的主张。接受“可证伪性”使我们能够建立一个更准确可靠的知识体系，最终使整个社会受益。