glucuronide

简明释义

英[ɡluːˈkjʊərənaɪd]美[ɡluːˈkjʊərənaɪd]

n. 葡糖苷酸

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG) and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG).

针对睾酮使用的检测通常是基于测量尿样中所发现的两种化学成分的比例，即睾酮葡糖苷酸（TG）和表睾酮葡糖苷酸（EG）的比例。

2.The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG) and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG).

针对睾酮使用的检测通常是基于测量尿样中所发现的两种化学成分的比例，即睾酮葡糖苷酸（TG）和表睾酮葡糖苷酸（EG）的比例。

3.The validity, specificity and sensitivity of the method as well as the hydrolysis conditions on pretreatment of urine containing morphine-glucuronide conjugate were studied.

方法的可行性、专属性和灵敏度以及尿样前处理的水解条件已经考察研究；

4.Unlike their distant human relatives, however, tree shrews quickly metabolise most of the alcohol they consume into a by-product called ethyl glucuronide (EtG).

不过，与它们的人类远亲不太一样，树鼩会迅速将大部乙醇进行新陈代谢，产生一种称为乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷(ethyl glucuronide,EtG)的副产物。

5.The two metabolites of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), are mainly formed by morphine glucuronidation in the liver.

吗啡主要在肝脏与葡糖苷酸结合并产生两种代谢产物：吗啡3 葡糖苷酸（M3G）和吗啡6 葡糖苷酸（M6G）。

6.It can hydrolysis glucuronide glycoside bond, releasing the glucuronic acid and ligand.

它能够特异性水解葡萄糖醛酸苷糖甙键，释放出葡萄糖醛酸和配基。

7.The liver converts many drugs into their active forms through the formation of a metabolite known as glucuronide.

肝脏通过形成一种称为葡萄糖醛酸酯的代谢物将许多药物转化为其活性形式。

8.In pharmacokinetics, the measurement of glucuronide levels can help determine the metabolism of certain medications.

在药物动力学中，测量葡萄糖醛酸酯水平可以帮助确定某些药物的代谢情况。

9.Researchers found that the concentration of glucuronide in urine can indicate exposure to specific environmental toxins.

研究人员发现，尿液中葡萄糖醛酸酯的浓度可以表明对特定环境毒素的暴露。

10.Certain dietary components can influence the production of glucuronide in the body.

某些饮食成分可以影响体内葡萄糖醛酸酯的产生。

11.The presence of glucuronide metabolites in blood tests can provide insights into liver function.

血液检测中存在的葡萄糖醛酸酯代谢物可以提供肝功能的见解。

作文

The human body is a complex system that relies on various biochemical processes to maintain health and function. One such process involves the metabolism of drugs and other substances, where compounds are often modified to facilitate their elimination from the body. A significant player in this metabolic pathway is a compound known as glucuronide, which is formed through a process called glucuronidation. This process is crucial because it helps increase the solubility of lipophilic substances, making them easier to excrete via urine or bile. Glucuronidation primarily occurs in the liver, where enzymes known as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the reaction between glucuronic acid and various substrates, including drugs, hormones, and toxins. The resulting glucuronide conjugates are usually less active than their parent compounds, which is an essential aspect of drug metabolism. By converting active substances into their inactive forms, the body effectively regulates their effects and reduces potential toxicity. One of the most well-known examples of glucuronide formation is the metabolism of the pain reliever morphine. When morphine is administered, it undergoes glucuronidation to form morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide. These metabolites have different pharmacological properties compared to morphine itself, with morphine-6-glucuronide being more potent than the parent drug. This highlights the importance of understanding glucuronide formation, as it can significantly impact the efficacy and safety of medications. Furthermore, the study of glucuronide metabolites has important implications for personalized medicine. Individual variations in UGT enzyme activity can lead to differences in drug metabolism among patients. For instance, some individuals may express higher levels of certain UGTs, resulting in faster clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation, while others may have reduced enzyme activity, leading to prolonged drug effects and increased risk of adverse reactions. In addition to its role in drug metabolism, glucuronide formation is also involved in the detoxification of endogenous compounds. For example, bilirubin, a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown, is converted into bilirubin glucuronide to facilitate its excretion. Impaired glucuronidation can lead to elevated levels of bilirubin, resulting in conditions like jaundice. Moreover, researchers are increasingly interested in the role of glucuronide in environmental toxicology. Many environmental pollutants and xenobiotics undergo glucuronidation, which can influence their toxicity and bioavailability. Understanding how these compounds are metabolized can help in assessing their risks to human health and the environment. In conclusion, glucuronide plays a vital role in the metabolism of various substances within the body. Its formation through glucuronidation is essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs and endogenous compounds. As our understanding of glucuronide metabolism deepens, it will continue to inform clinical practices, enhance personalized medicine approaches, and contribute to environmental health assessments. The study of glucuronide is not only crucial for pharmacology but also for understanding the intricate balance of biochemical processes that sustain life.

人体是一个复杂的系统，依赖于各种生化过程来维持健康和功能。其中一个过程涉及药物和其他物质的代谢，在此过程中，化合物通常会被修改以促进其从体内排出。一个重要的参与者是通过一种称为葡萄糖醛酸化（glucuronidation）的过程形成的化合物，称为glucuronide。这个过程至关重要，因为它有助于增加脂溶性物质的溶解度，使其更容易通过尿液或胆汁排泄。 葡萄糖醛酸化主要发生在肝脏中，其中一类称为UDP-葡萄糖醛酸转移酶（UGTs）的酶催化葡萄糖醛酸与各种底物（包括药物、激素和毒素）之间的反应。生成的glucuronide结合物通常比其母体化合物活性低，这是药物代谢的一个重要方面。通过将活性物质转化为无活性形式，身体有效地调节其效果并减少潜在的毒性。 一个众所周知的glucuronide形成例子是止痛药吗啡的代谢。当吗啡被施用时，它会经过葡萄糖醛酸化形成吗啡-3-glucuronide和吗啡-6-glucuronide。这些代谢物与吗啡本身相比具有不同的药理特性，其中吗啡-6-glucuronide的效力比母药物更强。这突显了理解glucuronide形成的重要性，因为它可能显著影响药物的有效性和安全性。 此外，对glucuronide代谢物的研究对个性化医学具有重要意义。UGT酶活性的个体差异可能导致患者之间药物代谢的差异。例如，一些个体可能表达较高水平的某些UGT，从而导致通过葡萄糖醛酸化代谢的药物清除速度更快，而另一些个体可能酶活性降低，导致药物效应延长和不良反应风险增加。 除了在药物代谢中的作用外，glucuronide的形成还涉及内源性化合物的解毒。例如，胆红素是血红蛋白分解的副产物，被转化为胆红素glucuronide以促进其排泄。葡萄糖醛酸化受损可能导致胆红素水平升高，从而导致黄疸等疾病。 此外，研究人员对glucuronide在环境毒理学中的作用越来越感兴趣。许多环境污染物和外源性物质经历葡萄糖醛酸化，这可能影响其毒性和生物可利用性。了解这些化合物如何被代谢可以帮助评估它们对人类健康和环境的风险。 总之，glucuronide在体内各种物质的代谢中发挥着至关重要的作用。通过葡萄糖醛酸化形成的glucuronide对于药物和内源性化合物的解毒和排泄至关重要。随着我们对glucuronide代谢的理解加深，它将继续为临床实践提供信息，增强个性化医学方法，并有助于环境健康评估。对glucuronide的研究不仅对药理学至关重要，而且对理解维持生命的生化过程的复杂平衡也至关重要。