gnotobiotic

简明释义

英[ˌnəʊtəʊbaɪˈɒtɪk]美[ˌnoʊtəbaɪˈɑːtɪk]

adj. 限菌的；无菌的；无菌动物的

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.McNulty also fed the five bacterial strains from the yoghurt to 'gnotobiotic' mice — animals raised so that the only microorganisms that their guts contain are 15 species found in humans.

麦克那提也向“定菌”鼠饲喂了含这五种细菌的酸奶。定菌鼠，即肠道中只含有人类肠道中已知的15种细菌的小鼠。

2.McNulty also fed the five bacterial strains from the yoghurt to 'gnotobiotic' mice — animals raised so that the only microorganisms that their guts contain are 15 species found in humans.

麦克那提也向“定菌”鼠饲喂了含这五种细菌的酸奶。定菌鼠，即肠道中只含有人类肠道中已知的15种细菌的小鼠。

3.Researchers used gnotobiotic animals to study the effects of specific gut bacteria on health.

研究人员使用无菌生物动物来研究特定肠道细菌对健康的影响。

4.The gnotobiotic environment allowed scientists to control all microbial variables in their experiments.

这个无菌生物环境使科学家能够控制实验中的所有微生物变量。

5.In gnotobiotic models, only known microorganisms are introduced to study their interactions.

在无菌生物模型中，仅引入已知微生物以研究它们的相互作用。

6.The lab specializes in gnotobiotic research to better understand host-microbe relationships.

该实验室专注于无菌生物研究，以更好地理解宿主与微生物的关系。

7.Using gnotobiotic mice, the team discovered how certain probiotics can enhance immunity.

通过使用无菌生物小鼠，研究团队发现某些益生菌可以增强免疫力。

作文

The term gnotobiotic refers to a biological condition in which an organism is raised in a controlled environment that contains a known set of microorganisms. This concept is particularly significant in the field of microbiology and immunology, as it allows researchers to study the interactions between host organisms and specific microbial communities without the interference of unknown variables. In a gnotobiotic environment, scientists can manipulate the microbial flora to observe how these changes affect the health and development of the host organism. One of the most common applications of gnotobiotic systems is in the study of germ-free animals, particularly mice. These mice are bred and maintained in sterile conditions, ensuring that they are free from any extraneous microorganisms. By introducing specific bacteria or other microbes into these animals, researchers can investigate how these organisms influence various biological processes, including digestion, immune response, and even behavior. For example, studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system, and using gnotobiotic mice allows scientists to pinpoint how different bacterial species contribute to this development. Moreover, gnotobiotic models are invaluable for understanding diseases. By controlling the microbial environment, researchers can simulate disease conditions and test potential treatments in a way that is not possible with conventional animal models. This capability is particularly relevant in studying autoimmune diseases, allergies, and metabolic disorders, where the interaction between the host and its microbiota can significantly impact the progression of the disease. For instance, scientists have discovered that certain gut bacteria can exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in genetically predisposed mice. By utilizing gnotobiotic mice, researchers can investigate the mechanisms behind this exacerbation and explore ways to mitigate its effects. In addition to their use in basic research, gnotobiotic systems also hold promise in applied sciences such as pharmacology and nutrition. Researchers can use these models to assess how the presence of specific microbes affects the metabolism of drugs or nutrients. This information is crucial for developing personalized medicine approaches, where treatment regimens can be tailored based on an individual's unique microbiome composition. Furthermore, understanding how diet influences the gnotobiotic microbiome can lead to improved dietary recommendations and interventions aimed at promoting health and preventing disease. Despite their advantages, working with gnotobiotic organisms comes with challenges. Maintaining a sterile environment requires meticulous procedures and specialized facilities, which can be resource-intensive. Additionally, the findings from gnotobiotic studies may not always translate directly to conventional populations due to the complex interactions present in natural ecosystems. Therefore, while gnotobiotic models provide valuable insights, researchers must interpret their results with caution and consider the broader ecological context. In conclusion, the concept of gnotobiotic systems represents a powerful tool in modern biological research. By allowing scientists to study the interactions between specific microbes and host organisms in a controlled setting, gnotobiotic models contribute significantly to our understanding of health and disease. As research continues to evolve, the insights gained from gnotobiotic studies will undoubtedly pave the way for innovative therapies and strategies to enhance human health.

术语gnotobiotic指的是一种生物条件，其中生物体在一个包含已知微生物组的受控环境中培养。这一概念在微生物学和免疫学领域尤为重要，因为它使研究人员能够研究宿主生物体与特定微生物群体之间的相互作用，而不受未知变量的干扰。在gnotobiotic环境中，科学家可以操控微生物群落，以观察这些变化如何影响宿主生物体的健康和发展。 gnotobiotic系统最常见的应用之一是在无菌动物的研究中，特别是小鼠。这些小鼠在无菌条件下繁殖和维持，确保它们不受任何外部微生物的影响。通过将特定细菌或其他微生物引入这些动物，研究人员可以研究这些生物如何影响各种生物过程，包括消化、免疫反应，甚至行为。例如，研究表明，肠道微生物群在免疫系统的发展中起着至关重要的作用，而使用gnotobiotic小鼠则可以让科学家准确找出不同细菌种类如何促进这种发展。 此外，gnotobiotic模型在理解疾病方面也具有重要价值。通过控制微生物环境，研究人员可以模拟疾病条件，并以传统动物模型无法做到的方式测试潜在治疗方法。这种能力在研究自身免疫性疾病、过敏症和代谢障碍时尤为相关，因为宿主与其微生物群之间的相互作用可能显著影响疾病的进展。例如，科学家发现某些肠道细菌可以加重遗传易感小鼠的炎症性肠病（IBD）。通过利用gnotobiotic小鼠，研究人员可以研究这种加重背后的机制，并探索减轻其影响的方法。 除了在基础研究中的应用外，gnotobiotic系统在药理学和营养学等应用科学中也具有前景。研究人员可以利用这些模型评估特定微生物的存在如何影响药物或营养物质的代谢。这些信息对于开发个性化医学方法至关重要，在这些方法中，治疗方案可以根据个体独特的微生物组组成进行量身定制。此外，了解饮食如何影响gnotobiotic微生物群可以导致改善饮食建议和旨在促进健康和预防疾病的干预措施。 尽管有其优势，但与gnotobiotic生物体的研究也面临挑战。维持无菌环境需要严格的程序和专门的设施，这可能会消耗大量资源。此外，gnotobiotic研究的结果可能并不总能直接转化为常规人群，因为自然生态系统中存在复杂的相互作用。因此，尽管gnotobiotic模型提供了宝贵的见解，但研究人员必须谨慎解释其结果，并考虑更广泛的生态背景。 总之，gnotobiotic系统的概念代表了现代生物研究中的一种强大工具。通过使科学家能够在受控环境中研究特定微生物与宿主生物体之间的相互作用，gnotobiotic模型对我们理解健康和疾病做出了重要贡献。随着研究的不断发展，从gnotobiotic研究中获得的见解无疑将为创新疗法和增强人类健康的策略铺平道路。