heterokaryon

简明释义

英[ˌhetərəʊˈkærɪɒn]美[ˌhetərəˈkæriˌɑn;ˌhetərəˈkærə

n. [植] 异核体

复 数 h e t e r o k a r y a

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Hyphae with nuclei of different genotypes can fuse to form a heterokaryon.

当含有两种不同基因型的菌丝融合在一起时，可以形成异核体。

2.Hyphae with nuclei of different genotypes can fuse to form a heterokaryon.

当含有两种不同基因型的菌丝融合在一起时，可以形成异核体。

3.In fungal genetics, a cell containing two or more genetically different nuclei is referred to as a heterokaryon.

在真菌遗传学中，含有两个或多个基因不同的细胞被称为异核体。

4.The formation of a heterokaryon can lead to interesting genetic variations in the offspring.

形成异核体可能导致后代出现有趣的遗传变异。

5.Researchers used a heterokaryon model to study the effects of gene expression in different cellular environments.

研究人员使用异核体模型来研究不同细胞环境中基因表达的影响。

6.When two different fungal strains fuse, they can produce a heterokaryon that exhibits unique traits.

当两种不同的真菌菌株融合时，它们可以产生一个表现出独特特征的异核体。

7.The stability of a heterokaryon can be influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and nutrient availability.

环境因素如温度和营养物质的可用性可以影响异核体的稳定性。

作文

In the intricate world of cellular biology, the term heterokaryon refers to a cell that contains two or more genetically distinct nuclei within a shared cytoplasm. This phenomenon often occurs in fungi and certain types of cells in multicellular organisms. Understanding heterokaryon is crucial for researchers studying genetic variation, cellular interactions, and the mechanisms of disease. When two different types of cells fuse, their nuclei can coexist in a single cell, leading to a unique genetic landscape that may exhibit characteristics from both parent cells. The formation of a heterokaryon can be particularly significant in mycology, where it plays a vital role in the life cycle of fungi. For example, when two haploid fungal strains come into contact, they may undergo hyphal fusion, resulting in a heterokaryon that carries the genetic information of both strains. This genetic mixing can enhance survival and adaptability, allowing the fungus to thrive in various environments. Moreover, the study of heterokaryons has implications in understanding how certain fungi can develop resistance to antifungal treatments, as the presence of multiple nuclei can lead to increased genetic diversity and adaptability. In addition to fungi, heterokaryons are also relevant in the context of mammalian cells. Researchers have utilized heterokaryons in laboratory settings to explore gene expression and cellular behavior. By fusing different cell types, scientists can investigate how the distinct nuclei interact and influence each other's functions. This research can provide insights into developmental biology, cancer progression, and regenerative medicine. For instance, the study of heterokaryons has revealed how cancerous cells can alter the behavior of normal cells, contributing to tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, heterokaryons serve as a valuable tool in biotechnology. Scientists can harness the properties of heterokaryons to create hybrid cells that produce desired proteins or metabolites. This application is particularly useful in the production of pharmaceuticals, where specific proteins must be synthesized in large quantities. By fusing cells with desirable traits, researchers can optimize production processes and improve efficiency. Despite the advantages of heterokaryons, there are challenges associated with their study. The stability of these cells can be an issue, as the coexistence of different nuclei may lead to conflicts in gene expression and cellular functions. Additionally, the mechanisms governing the fusion of cells and the maintenance of heterokaryons are not fully understood, which presents a barrier to advancing research in this area. As scientists continue to explore the complexities of heterokaryons, they aim to unravel the mysteries of cellular behavior and its implications for health and disease. In conclusion, the concept of heterokaryon is a fascinating aspect of cellular biology that bridges the worlds of genetics, mycology, and biotechnology. Through the study of heterokaryons, researchers can gain valuable insights into genetic diversity, cellular interactions, and the potential for medical advancements. As our understanding of these unique cells deepens, we may uncover new strategies for combating diseases and enhancing biotechnological applications. The exploration of heterokaryons is not just an academic pursuit; it holds the promise of transforming our approach to biology and medicine in the years to come.

在细胞生物学的复杂世界中，术语heterokaryon指的是一个细胞，它在共享细胞质中包含两个或多个基因不同的细胞核。这种现象通常发生在真菌和某些多细胞生物的细胞中。理解heterokaryon对研究遗传变异、细胞相互作用和疾病机制的研究人员至关重要。当两种不同类型的细胞融合时，它们的细胞核可以共存于一个细胞中，导致独特的遗传景观，可能表现出来自两个母细胞的特征。 heterokaryon的形成在真菌学中尤为重要，因为它在真菌的生命周期中发挥着重要作用。例如，当两个单倍体真菌株接触时，它们可能会经历菌丝融合，形成一个携带两个菌株遗传信息的heterokaryon。这种遗传混合可以增强生存能力和适应性，使真菌能够在各种环境中生存。此外，研究heterokaryons对理解某些真菌如何对抗真菌治疗产生抵抗力具有重要意义，因为多个细胞核的存在可以导致遗传多样性和适应性的增加。 除了真菌外，heterokaryons在哺乳动物细胞的背景下也很相关。研究人员在实验室环境中利用heterokaryons探索基因表达和细胞行为。通过融合不同类型的细胞，科学家可以研究不同细胞核如何相互作用并影响彼此的功能。这项研究可以提供对发育生物学、癌症进展和再生医学的见解。例如，对heterokaryons的研究揭示了癌细胞如何改变正常细胞的行为，从而促进肿瘤生长和转移。 此外，heterokaryons作为生物技术中的一种宝贵工具。科学家可以利用heterokaryons的特性来创建产生所需蛋白质或代谢物的杂交细胞。这一应用在药物生产中尤其有用，因为必须大量合成特定蛋白质。通过融合具有理想特性的细胞，研究人员可以优化生产过程，提高效率。 尽管heterokaryons有许多优点，但它们的研究也面临挑战。这些细胞的稳定性可能是一个问题，因为不同细胞核的共存可能导致基因表达和细胞功能的冲突。此外，控制细胞融合及heterokaryons维持的机制尚未完全了解，这给该领域的研究带来了障碍。随着科学家继续探索heterokaryons的复杂性，他们旨在揭示细胞行为的奥秘及其对健康和疾病的影响。 总之，heterokaryon的概念是细胞生物学的一个迷人方面，它连接了遗传学、真菌学和生物技术的世界。通过对heterokaryons的研究，研究人员可以获得有关遗传多样性、细胞相互作用和医学进步潜力的宝贵见解。随着我们对这些独特细胞的理解加深，我们可能会发现新的应对疾病和增强生物技术应用的策略。对heterokaryons的探索不仅仅是学术追求；它承诺在未来几年转变我们对生物学和医学的看法。