hybridomas

简明释义

英[haɪˈbrɪdəʊmə]美[haɪˈbrɪdəmɑ]

杂交瘤

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Hybridomas or other cell lines expressing such immunoglobulin molecules and monoclonal antibodies are also disclosed.

还揭示表达所述免疫球蛋白分子和单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞或其他细胞系。

2.Hybridomas or other cell lines expressing such immunoglobulin molecules and monoclonal antibodies are also disclosed.

还揭示表达所述免疫球蛋白分子和单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞或其他细胞系。

3.Researchers use hybridomas to produce monoclonal antibodies for various medical applications.

研究人员使用杂交瘤细胞来生产用于各种医疗应用的单克隆抗体。

4.The development of hybridomas has revolutionized the field of immunology.

杂交瘤细胞的发展彻底改变了免疫学领域。

5.Scientists are studying how hybridomas can be used to create targeted therapies for cancer.

科学家们正在研究如何利用杂交瘤细胞来创建针对癌症的靶向疗法。

6.The production of hybridomas requires fusing B cells with myeloma cells.

生产杂交瘤细胞需要将B细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合。

7.Using hybridomas, researchers can generate large quantities of specific antibodies.

通过使用杂交瘤细胞，研究人员可以生成大量特定抗体。

作文

In the field of immunology and biotechnology, the term hybridomas refers to a type of cell that is created by the fusion of two different types of cells, typically a specific type of immune cell known as a B cell and a myeloma (cancer) cell. This innovative technique allows scientists to produce monoclonal antibodies, which are identical antibodies that can target a specific antigen. The process of creating hybridomas is crucial for various applications in medical research, diagnostics, and therapeutic treatments. The creation of hybridomas begins with the immunization of a mouse or another suitable animal with an antigen that researchers want to study. After the animal's immune system has responded and produced B cells that generate antibodies against the antigen, these B cells are harvested. However, B cells have a limited lifespan and cannot be cultured indefinitely. To overcome this limitation, the B cells are fused with myeloma cells, which are immortalized and can divide indefinitely. This fusion results in the formation of hybridomas, which possess the ability to produce the desired antibody while also maintaining the capacity for unlimited growth. Scientists then screen the resulting cell lines to identify those that produce the specific antibody of interest. Once identified, these hybridomas can be cloned and expanded, leading to the production of large quantities of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies generated from hybridomas have revolutionized the field of medicine. They are used in various diagnostic tests, such as pregnancy tests and tests for infectious diseases, where they can help detect specific proteins or pathogens in a sample. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies have become essential in cancer therapy, where they can specifically target cancer cells, minimizing damage to healthy cells and improving treatment outcomes. The significance of hybridomas extends beyond just the production of antibodies. They have also contributed to our understanding of the immune system and the development of vaccines. By studying the antibodies produced by hybridomas, researchers can gain insights into how the immune system recognizes and responds to different pathogens. This knowledge is invaluable for developing new vaccines and immunotherapies. Despite their numerous benefits, the use of hybridomas is not without challenges. The process of creating and screening hybridomas can be time-consuming and requires a high level of expertise. Additionally, there are ethical considerations regarding the use of animals in research. As technology advances, alternatives to the traditional methods of producing monoclonal antibodies are being explored, such as using recombinant DNA technology to create humanized antibodies without the need for animal models. In conclusion, hybridomas play a pivotal role in modern science and medicine. They enable the production of monoclonal antibodies that have far-reaching applications in diagnostics, therapeutics, and research. Understanding the function and significance of hybridomas is essential for anyone interested in the fields of biotechnology and immunology. As research continues to evolve, the potential of hybridomas will undoubtedly expand, paving the way for new discoveries and innovations in healthcare.

在免疫学和生物技术领域，术语hybridomas指的是一种通过融合两种不同类型的细胞（通常是特定类型的免疫细胞，即B细胞和骨髓瘤（癌症）细胞）而创建的细胞。这一创新技术使科学家能够生产单克隆抗体，这些抗体是可以针对特定抗原的相同抗体。创建hybridomas的过程对于医学研究、诊断和治疗有多种应用至关重要。 创建hybridomas的过程始于对小鼠或其他适合的动物进行免疫接种，以使其产生研究人员希望研究的抗原。当动物的免疫系统产生反应并产生针对该抗原的抗体的B细胞后，这些B细胞被收获。然而，B细胞的寿命有限，无法无限期培养。为了克服这一限制，B细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合，后者是永生化的，可以无限分裂。 这种融合导致了hybridomas的形成，这些细胞既具备产生所需抗体的能力，又保持了无限生长的能力。科学家们随后筛选生成的细胞系，以确定哪些细胞产生感兴趣的特定抗体。一旦确定，这些hybridomas可以被克隆和扩增，从而大量生产单克隆抗体。 由hybridomas生成的单克隆抗体已经彻底改变了医学领域。它们用于各种诊断测试，如怀孕测试和传染病检测，在这些测试中，它们可以帮助检测样本中特定的蛋白质或病原体。此外，单克隆抗体在癌症治疗中变得至关重要，它们可以特异性地靶向癌细胞，最小化对健康细胞的损害，从而改善治疗效果。 hybridomas的重要性不仅限于抗体的生产。它们还促进了我们对免疫系统的理解以及疫苗的发展。通过研究hybridomas产生的抗体，研究人员可以深入了解免疫系统如何识别和响应不同的病原体。这一知识对于开发新疫苗和免疫疗法至关重要。 尽管有许多好处，使用hybridomas也面临挑战。创建和筛选hybridomas的过程可能耗时，并且需要高水平的专业知识。此外，关于在研究中使用动物的伦理问题也存在。随着技术的进步，正在探索替代传统方法的单克隆抗体生产方式，例如使用重组DNA技术创建人源化抗体，而不需要动物模型。 总之，hybridomas在现代科学和医学中发挥着关键作用。它们使单克隆抗体的生产成为可能，这些抗体在诊断、治疗和研究中具有广泛的应用。理解hybridomas的功能和重要性对于任何对生物技术和免疫学感兴趣的人来说都是必要的。随着研究的不断发展，hybridomas的潜力无疑会扩大，为医疗保健领域的新发现和创新铺平道路。