immunity

简明释义

英[ɪˈmjuːnəti]美[ɪˈmjuːnəti]

n. 免疫力；免除，豁免

复 数 i m m u n i t i e s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The embassy official claimed diplomatic immunity and was later released.

大使馆官员要求使用外交豁免权，并于稍后被释放。

2.Supports FISA and immunity for the telecommunications corporations.

支持FISA以及对电信公司的豁免。

3.Jack offers up immunity for his help.

杰克甚至提出提供豁免权来换取他的帮助。

4.He was stripped of parliamentary immunity and thrown in jail.

他被剥夺了议会豁免权并被关进监狱。

5.It's like a little shot of immunity to prevent you from fighting.

这就好像在你身上打一点免疫针让你不至于吵闹。

6.Remember: Stress and anxiety wreak havoc on your immunity.

谨记：压力和焦虑严重破坏你的免疫系统。

7.Vaccination helps to build up your immunity 免疫力 against certain diseases.

接种疫苗有助于增强你对某些疾病的免疫力。

8.People with weakened immunity 免疫力 are more susceptible to infections.

免疫力较弱的人更容易感染。

9.Her body developed an immunity 免疫力 to the virus after recovering from the illness.

她在康复后，身体对病毒产生了免疫力。

10.Certain medications can suppress your immunity 免疫力, making you more vulnerable to illnesses.

某些药物可能会抑制你的免疫力，使你更容易患病。

11.The vaccine works by stimulating the body's immunity 免疫力 to fight off infections.

该疫苗通过刺激身体的免疫力来抵御感染。

作文

In the realm of biology and medicine, the term immunity refers to the ability of an organism to resist infections and diseases. This protective mechanism is vital for maintaining health and well-being. The human body has a complex system known as the immune system, which is responsible for identifying and eliminating pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. There are two primary types of immunity: innate and adaptive. Innate immunity is the first line of defense and is present from birth. It includes physical barriers like the skin, as well as immune cells that respond quickly to invaders. For example, when a pathogen enters the body, innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils are among the first responders. They act swiftly to engulf and destroy the foreign entities, providing immediate, though non-specific, protection. On the other hand, adaptive immunity develops over time and is characterized by a more specialized response to specific pathogens. This type of immunity involves the activation of lymphocytes, including B cells and T cells. B cells produce antibodies that specifically target pathogens, while T cells can directly kill infected cells or help coordinate the immune response. The remarkable aspect of adaptive immunity is its ability to remember past infections. Once the body encounters a pathogen, it retains a memory of that encounter, allowing for a faster and more efficient response upon subsequent exposures. Vaccination is a practical application of this principle. Vaccines introduce a harmless component of a pathogen into the body, stimulating the immune system to develop memory cells without causing disease. This process leads to the establishment of immunity against future infections, making vaccines a crucial tool in public health. Diseases that once caused widespread suffering, such as measles and polio, have been significantly reduced due to effective vaccination programs. However, immunity is not foolproof. Various factors can influence its effectiveness, including age, genetics, and underlying health conditions. For instance, infants and elderly individuals often have weaker immune responses, making them more susceptible to infections. Additionally, some pathogens have evolved mechanisms to evade the immune system, leading to persistent infections. The concept of immunity extends beyond individual health; it also encompasses community health. Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a population becomes immune to a disease, either through infection or vaccination. This phenomenon protects those who cannot be vaccinated, such as individuals with certain medical conditions. Achieving herd immunity is crucial for controlling outbreaks and protecting vulnerable populations. In conclusion, immunity is a fundamental aspect of biological defense that plays a critical role in health and disease prevention. Understanding the mechanisms behind immunity can empower individuals to make informed choices about their health, particularly regarding vaccinations and lifestyle choices that support a robust immune system. As we continue to navigate challenges posed by infectious diseases, fostering a deeper understanding of immunity will be essential for promoting public health and safety.

在生物学和医学领域，术语免疫指的是生物体抵抗感染和疾病的能力。这种保护机制对于维持健康和幸福至关重要。人体拥有一个复杂的系统，称为免疫系统，负责识别和消灭病原体，如细菌、病毒和寄生虫。免疫主要有两种类型：先天性和适应性。 先天性免疫是第一道防线，从出生时就存在。它包括皮肤等物理屏障，以及迅速对入侵者做出反应的免疫细胞。例如，当病原体进入身体时，巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞等先天免疫细胞是最早的反应者之一。它们迅速吞噬和摧毁外来实体，提供即时但非特异性的保护。 另一方面，适应性免疫随着时间的发展而形成，具有对特定病原体的更专业的反应。这种类型的免疫涉及淋巴细胞的激活，包括B细胞和T细胞。B细胞产生专门针对病原体的抗体，而T细胞可以直接杀死受感染的细胞或帮助协调免疫反应。适应性免疫的显著特点是其记忆过去感染的能力。一旦身体接触到病原体，它会保留对该接触的记忆，从而在后续暴露时能够更快、更有效地作出反应。 疫苗接种是这一原则的实际应用。疫苗将病原体的无害成分引入体内，刺激免疫系统在不引起疾病的情况下发展记忆细胞。这个过程导致对未来感染建立免疫，使疫苗成为公共卫生的重要工具。曾经造成广泛痛苦的疾病，如麻疹和脊髓灰质炎，由于有效的疫苗接种计划而显著减少。 然而，免疫并不是万无一失的。各种因素可能影响其有效性，包括年龄、遗传和潜在健康状况。例如，婴儿和老年人通常免疫反应较弱，更容易受到感染。此外，一些病原体已经进化出逃避免疫系统的机制，导致持续感染。 免疫的概念超越了个人健康；它还涵盖了社区健康。当大部分人群对某种疾病产生免疫，无论是通过感染还是疫苗接种，就会发生群体免疫。这种现象保护那些无法接种疫苗的人，例如某些医疗条件下的个体。实现群体免疫对于控制疫情和保护脆弱人群至关重要。 总之，免疫是生物防御的基本方面，在健康和疾病预防中发挥着关键作用。理解免疫背后的机制可以使个人在健康方面做出明智的选择，特别是在疫苗接种和支持强大免疫系统的生活方式选择方面。随着我们继续应对传染病带来的挑战，深化对免疫的理解将对促进公共健康和安全至关重要。