isochromosome

简明释义

英[ˌaɪsoʊˈkrɒməˌsoʊm]美[ˌaɪsoʊˈkrɒməˌsoʊm]

n. [遗] 等臂染色体

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Isochromosome — an abnormal chromosome in which one arm is duplicated (forming two arms of equal length, with the same loci in reverse sequence) and the other arm is missing.

着丝粒在染色体中间，两臂等长的染色体。

2.Isochromosome — an abnormal chromosome in which one arm is duplicated (forming two arms of equal length, with the same loci in reverse sequence) and the other arm is missing.

着丝粒在染色体中间，两臂等长的染色体。

3.The structure aberration of chromosomes included the translocation, deletion, and isochromosome.

结构畸变涉及易位、缺失和等臂染色体。

4.The presence of an isochromosome 同源染色体 can lead to various genetic disorders.

存在一个isochromosome 同源染色体可能导致各种遗传疾病。

5.Researchers are studying the effects of an isochromosome 同源染色体 on cancer development.

研究人员正在研究isochromosome 同源染色体对癌症发展的影响。

6.An isochromosome 同源染色体 can result from a failure in chromosome separation during cell division.

一个isochromosome 同源染色体可以是细胞分裂过程中染色体分离失败的结果。

7.In some cases, an isochromosome 同源染色体 is associated with Turner syndrome.

在某些情况下，isochromosome 同源染色体与特纳综合症相关联。

8.The genetic analysis revealed an isochromosome 同源染色体 in the patient's karyotype.

基因分析显示患者的核型中存在一个isochromosome 同源染色体。

作文

The study of genetics has revealed many fascinating structures within our cells, one of which is the isochromosome. An isochromosome is a type of chromosome that has identical arms. This means that instead of having two different arms, as seen in typical chromosomes, an isochromosome has two copies of the same arm. This structural anomaly can lead to various genetic disorders and has significant implications for our understanding of chromosomal abnormalities. To grasp the concept of an isochromosome, it is essential to understand the basic structure of chromosomes. Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins, and they are found in the nucleus of our cells. Humans typically have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs. Each chromosome consists of a long strand of DNA that is coiled and condensed. The centromere, a constricted region of the chromosome, divides it into two arms: the short arm (p) and the long arm (q). In a normal chromosome, these arms are not identical; however, in an isochromosome, one of the arms is duplicated, resulting in two identical arms. The formation of an isochromosome can occur during cell division, particularly during meiosis or mitosis. Errors in the separation of chromatids can lead to the creation of an isochromosome. For example, if the centromere divides horizontally instead of vertically, both arms may end up being the same, thus forming an isochromosome. This abnormality can have serious consequences, such as leading to conditions like Turner syndrome, where individuals have only one normal X chromosome and one isochromosome of the X chromosome. In addition to Turner syndrome, isochromosomes have been associated with other genetic disorders. For instance, some cases of Down syndrome can involve the presence of an isochromosome that contains an extra copy of chromosome 21. This results in the characteristic features and developmental challenges associated with the syndrome. Understanding the role of isochromosomes in these conditions is crucial for genetic counseling and potential therapeutic interventions. Research into isochromosomes has expanded significantly over the years. Geneticists utilize advanced techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), to identify and study these chromosomal abnormalities. By labeling specific regions of chromosomes, researchers can visualize isochromosomes and assess their impact on gene expression and overall health. These studies not only enhance our knowledge of genetic disorders but also pave the way for innovative treatments that target the underlying causes of these conditions. In conclusion, the isochromosome represents a unique and critical aspect of human genetics. Its formation and implications for health highlight the complexity of our genetic makeup. As research continues to evolve, our understanding of isochromosomes will undoubtedly deepen, providing insights that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment options for individuals affected by chromosomal abnormalities. The exploration of isochromosomes serves as a reminder of the intricate nature of life at the cellular level and the ongoing quest to unravel the mysteries of our genetic code.

对遗传学的研究揭示了我们细胞内许多迷人的结构，其中之一就是同臂染色体。同臂染色体是一种具有相同臂的染色体。这意味着，与典型染色体相比，同臂染色体有两个相同的臂，而不是两个不同的臂。这种结构异常可能导致各种遗传疾病，并对我们理解染色体异常具有重要意义。 要理解同臂染色体的概念，首先必须了解染色体的基本结构。染色体由DNA和蛋白质组成，存在于我们细胞的细胞核中。人类通常有46条染色体，排列成23对。每条染色体由一条长的DNA链构成，这条链被卷曲和压缩。染色体的着丝粒是染色体的一个收缩区域，将其分为两个臂：短臂（p）和长臂（q）。在正常染色体中，这些臂是不相同的；然而，在同臂染色体中，一个臂被复制，导致两个相同的臂。 同臂染色体的形成可以发生在细胞分裂期间，特别是在减数分裂或有丝分裂中。姐妹染色单体分离的错误可能导致同臂染色体的形成。例如，如果着丝粒水平分裂而不是垂直分裂，两个臂可能会变得相同，从而形成同臂染色体。这种异常可能会产生严重后果，例如导致特纳综合症，其中个体只有一个正常的X染色体和一个同臂染色体的X染色体。 除了特纳综合症，同臂染色体还与其他遗传疾病相关。例如，一些唐氏综合症病例可能涉及含有额外21号染色体副本的同臂染色体。这导致与该综合症相关的特征和发育挑战。理解同臂染色体在这些病症中的作用对遗传咨询和潜在的治疗干预至关重要。 对同臂染色体的研究在近年来显著增加。遗传学家利用先进的技术，如荧光原位杂交（FISH），来识别和研究这些染色体异常。通过标记染色体的特定区域，研究人员可以可视化同臂染色体并评估其对基因表达和整体健康的影响。这些研究不仅增强了我们对遗传疾病的知识，还为针对这些疾病根本原因的创新治疗方法铺平了道路。 总之，同臂染色体代表了人类遗传学的一个独特而关键的方面。它的形成及其对健康的影响突显了我们遗传构成的复杂性。随着研究的不断发展，我们对同臂染色体的理解无疑将深化，为受到染色体异常影响的个体提供更好的诊断和治疗选择。对同臂染色体的探索提醒我们生命在细胞层面的复杂性，以及不断揭示我们遗传密码奥秘的追求。