isospin

简明释义

英[ˈaɪsəʊˌspɪn]美[ˈaɪsəˌspɪn;ˈaɪsoʊˌspɪn]

n. [高能] 同位旋

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Meanwhile, the relationship between the isospin excitation energy and the symmetry energy was discussed and found that the symmetry energy was just a part of the isospin excitation energy.

同时研究了对称能与同位旋激发能的关系，指出对称能是同位旋激发能的一部分，且占相当大的比重。

2.The isospin effect and K production in intermediate and high energy Heavy Ion Collisions (HICs) are hot topics in the nuclear physics.

重离子碰撞中的同位旋和近阈K产生均为当今核反应研究的前沿内容和热点问题。

3.The isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model has been further developed by considering shell effect and the fusion mechanism near Coulomb barrier is studied by using the improved model.

通过考虑动力学中的壳效应，对同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型做了进一步改进，并利用改进的量子分子动力学模型对近垒熔合机制做了动力学研究。

4.Namely, MDI increases the sensitivity of the nuclear stopping on the isospin dependence nucleon-nucleon cross section.

这就意味着动量相关作用明显地提高了原子核阻止对于核子-核子碰撞截面的灵敏性。

5.Some of the important progress and interesting problems of nuclear structure under extreme conditions of high spin, exotic isospin, charge and mass are discussed.

评述了核结构的前沿问题和研究前景，讨论了在高自旋、奇异同位旋以及电荷和质量等极端条件下，核结构研究的一些重大进展和有兴趣的问题。

6.The isospin effect and isoscaling behaviors in projectile fragmentation reactions have been systematically investigated by a modified statistical abrasion-ablation(SAA)model.

用统计擦碎模型对中能区不同弹靶体系在弹核碎裂反应中的同位旋效应和同位旋标度率现象进行了系统研究。

7.In particle physics, the concept of isospin refers to a quantum number related to the strong interaction.

在粒子物理学中，同位旋的概念指的是与强相互作用相关的量子数。

8.The isospin symmetry helps explain the behavior of nucleons in the nucleus.

同位旋对称性有助于解释核子在原子核中的行为。

9.Quarks are often classified by their isospin values, which indicate their transformation properties under the strong force.

夸克通常根据它们的同位旋值进行分类，这表明它们在强力下的变换性质。

10.The isospin multiplet structure provides insights into the mass differences between baryons.

同位旋多重态结构为重子之间的质量差异提供了见解。

11.In certain reactions, particles with different isospin states can interact in specific ways.

在某些反应中，具有不同同位旋态的粒子可以以特定方式相互作用。

作文

In the realm of particle physics, the concept of isospin plays a crucial role in understanding the interactions and classifications of subatomic particles. The term isospin refers to a quantum number related to the strong nuclear force, which governs the behavior of protons and neutrons within an atomic nucleus. This concept was introduced by physicist Eugene Wigner in the 1930s as a way to categorize particles that experience similar strong interactions, despite differing in their electric charge. To grasp the significance of isospin, it is essential to recognize that protons and neutrons can be treated as two different states of a single particle known as a nucleon. In this framework, protons are assigned an isospin value of +1/2, while neutrons are given a value of -1/2. This duality allows physicists to use isospin as a symmetry property, simplifying the analysis of particle interactions and decays. The application of isospin extends beyond just protons and neutrons; it also encompasses other baryons and mesons. For instance, the pion family consists of three particles: the positively charged pion, the negatively charged pion, and the neutral pion. These particles are treated as different isospin states, where the charged pions correspond to the +1 and -1 isospin values, and the neutral pion corresponds to the 0 isospin state. This categorization helps physicists understand the underlying symmetries in particle interactions, leading to more profound insights into the fundamental forces of nature. Moreover, isospin symmetry is not merely a theoretical construct; it has observable consequences in various processes. For example, in strong interactions, particles with the same isospin value can often be exchanged without altering the outcome of a reaction. This property is instrumental in predicting the existence of certain particles and their interactions, contributing to the development of the Standard Model of particle physics. However, it is important to note that isospin symmetry is an approximate symmetry. While it holds true for strong interactions, electromagnetic interactions can break this symmetry due to the differences in electric charge between protons and neutrons. This breaking of isospin symmetry can lead to observable effects, such as mass differences between particles that would otherwise be considered equivalent under isospin considerations. In conclusion, the concept of isospin serves as a powerful tool in the field of particle physics, enabling scientists to classify and analyze the intricate behaviors of subatomic particles. By treating protons and neutrons as manifestations of a single nucleon with distinct isospin states, physicists can better understand the symmetries governing particle interactions. Although isospin symmetry is not absolute, its implications are profound, influencing both theoretical predictions and experimental observations in the quest to unravel the mysteries of the universe. As research in particle physics advances, the importance of isospin will undoubtedly continue to be a focal point in our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of matter.

在粒子物理学领域，同位旋的概念在理解亚原子粒子的相互作用和分类中发挥着至关重要的作用。术语同位旋是指与强核力相关的量子数，强核力支配着原子核内质子和中子的行为。这个概念是在20世纪30年代由物理学家尤金·维格纳提出的，目的是对经历类似强相互作用的粒子进行分类，尽管它们在电荷上存在差异。 要理解同位旋的重要性，就必须认识到质子和中子可以被视为一种称为核子的单一粒子的两种不同状态。在这个框架中，质子的同位旋值为+1/2，而中子的值为-1/2。这种二元性使得物理学家能够将同位旋作为对称性属性来使用，从而简化粒子相互作用和衰变的分析。 同位旋的应用不仅限于质子和中子；它还包括其他重子和介子。例如，π介子家族由三个粒子组成：带正电的π介子、带负电的π介子和中性π介子。这些粒子被视为不同的同位旋状态，其中带电的π介子对应于+1和-1的同位旋值，而中性π介子对应于0的同位旋状态。这种分类帮助物理学家理解粒子相互作用中的基本对称性，从而对自然的基本力量有更深刻的洞察。 此外，同位旋对称性不仅仅是一个理论构造；它在各种过程中具有可观察的后果。例如，在强相互作用中，具有相同同位旋值的粒子可以在不改变反应结果的情况下进行交换。这一特性对于预测某些粒子的存在及其相互作用至关重要，促进了粒子物理学标准模型的发展。 然而，重要的是要注意，同位旋对称性是一种近似对称性。虽然它在强相互作用中成立，但由于质子和中子之间电荷的差异，电磁相互作用可能会破坏这种对称性。这种同位旋对称性的破坏可能导致可观察的效应，例如本应被认为在同位旋考虑下等价的粒子之间的质量差异。 总之，同位旋的概念在粒子物理学领域作为一个强有力的工具，使科学家能够对亚原子粒子的复杂行为进行分类和分析。通过将质子和中子视为具有不同同位旋状态的单一核子的表现形式，物理学家能够更好地理解支配粒子相互作用的对称性。尽管同位旋对称性并非绝对，但其影响深远，影响着理论预测和实验观察，在揭示宇宙奥秘的过程中发挥着重要作用。随着粒子物理学研究的进展，同位旋的重要性无疑将继续成为我们理解物质基本构成部分的焦点。