kerma

简明释义

英[/ˈkɜːmə/]美[/ˈkɜrmə/]

n. [核]比释动能（等于 kinetic energy released in material）；柯玛（单位：焦耳/公斤，尔格/克）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The fading correction and its corresponding calculation method were specially introduced in this paper for improving the accuracy of the environment cumulate kerma.

为了提高环境累积比释动能的测量准确度，特别介绍了环境剂量计的衰退修正及其计算方法。

2.The fading correction and its corresponding calculation method were specially introduced in this paper for improving the accuracy of the environment cumulate kerma.

为了提高环境累积比释动能的测量准确度，特别介绍了环境剂量计的衰退修正及其计算方法。

3.Results the deviation of our air kerma calibration factors is -0.5%, and the deviation of our absorbed dose to water calibration factors is 0.4%.

结果比释动能校准因子比对的偏差为- 0.5%，水吸收剂量校准因子的比对偏差为0.4%。

4.The large nuclear temperature evaluation would violate conservation of energy, and may lead a negative neutron KERMA factor.

这就可能使评价核温度太高而导致平均次级中子能量（?） 过大，破坏了能量守恒，而导致了负KERMA因子。

5.The concept of kerma is crucial in radiation therapy to ensure accurate dosage delivery.

在放射治疗中，kerma的概念至关重要，以确保准确的剂量输送。

6.In radiation physics, kerma stands for kinetic energy released per unit mass.

在辐射物理中，kerma代表每单位质量释放的动能。

7.Understanding kerma helps medical physicists optimize treatment plans.

理解kerma有助于医学物理学家优化治疗计划。

8.The kerma value can vary depending on the type of radiation used.

kerma值可能会根据所使用的辐射类型而有所不同。

9.To calculate the dose delivered, one must consider the kerma in the irradiated tissue.

要计算所输送的剂量，必须考虑照射组织中的kerma。

作文

In the field of radiation physics, the concept of kerma plays a crucial role in understanding how radiation interacts with matter. The term kerma stands for 'Kinetic Energy Released per unit MAss,' which refers to the energy transferred from radiation to charged particles, primarily electrons, within a specified volume of material. This process is fundamental in various applications, including medical imaging and radiation therapy, where precise dosimetry is essential for effective treatment. To grasp the significance of kerma, it is important to recognize its relationship with other radiological concepts, such as absorbed dose and exposure. While absorbed dose measures the amount of energy deposited in a material by ionizing radiation, kerma quantifies the energy transferred from the radiation field to the charged particles. This distinction is vital because it helps medical physicists and dosimetrists determine the appropriate radiation dose required for therapeutic purposes while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. In practical terms, kerma can be measured in different media, including air, water, and biological tissues. For instance, in radiation therapy, knowing the kerma value in water is critical since water serves as a standard reference material due to its similar density and composition to human tissue. By calculating the kerma in water, practitioners can accurately estimate the dose delivered to tumors during treatment sessions. Moreover, the calculation of kerma is influenced by factors such as the type of radiation (e.g., X-rays, gamma rays, or beta particles) and the energy of the incident photons. Higher energy photons generally result in greater kerma values since they have a higher probability of interacting with matter and transferring energy. Understanding these relationships allows researchers and clinicians to optimize radiation therapies and improve patient outcomes. The importance of kerma extends beyond the clinical realm; it is also significant in radiation protection and safety. By assessing the kerma levels in various environments, safety officers can evaluate potential radiation exposure risks for personnel working in nuclear facilities, research laboratories, and hospitals. This information is crucial for implementing safety protocols and ensuring that occupational exposure remains within acceptable limits. In summary, kerma is a fundamental concept in radiation physics that provides valuable insights into the interaction between radiation and matter. Its applications range from medical treatments to radiation safety, highlighting its importance across various fields. As technology advances and our understanding of radiation improves, the role of kerma will continue to evolve, paving the way for more effective and safer use of radiation in medicine and industry. Therefore, mastering the concept of kerma is essential for professionals working in these areas, ensuring they can apply this knowledge effectively to enhance both patient care and safety practices.

在辐射物理学领域，kerma的概念在理解辐射如何与物质相互作用方面起着至关重要的作用。术语kerma代表“单位质量释放的动能”，指的是辐射转移到特定材料体积内带电粒子（主要是电子）的能量。这一过程在医学成像和放射治疗等各种应用中是基础性的，其中精确的剂量测定对有效治疗至关重要。 要理解kerma的重要性，必须认识到它与其他辐射学概念之间的关系，例如吸收剂量和曝光量。虽然吸收剂量测量的是离子辐射在材料中沉积的能量数量，但kerma量化了从辐射场转移到带电粒子的能量。这一区别至关重要，因为它帮助医学物理学家和剂量计量师确定治疗所需的适当辐射剂量，同时最小化对周围健康组织的损害。 在实际应用中，kerma可以在不同介质中进行测量，包括空气、水和生物组织。例如，在放射治疗中，了解水中的kerma值至关重要，因为水作为标准参考材料，其密度和组成与人体组织相似。通过计算水中的kerma，从业人员可以准确估算治疗过程中肿瘤所接受的剂量。 此外，kerma的计算受到辐射类型（例如X射线、伽马射线或β粒子）和入射光子能量等因素的影响。较高能量的光子通常会导致更大的kerma值，因为它们与物质相互作用并转移能量的概率更高。理解这些关系使研究人员和临床医生能够优化放射治疗并改善患者结果。 kerma的重要性不仅限于临床领域；它在辐射防护和安全方面也具有重要意义。通过评估各种环境中的kerma水平，安全官员可以评估在核设施、研究实验室和医院工作的人员潜在的辐射暴露风险。这些信息对于实施安全协议和确保职业暴露保持在可接受的范围内至关重要。 总之，kerma是辐射物理学中的一个基本概念，为理解辐射与物质之间的相互作用提供了宝贵的见解。它的应用范围从医疗治疗到辐射安全，突显了它在各个领域的重要性。随着技术的进步和我们对辐射的理解不断加深，kerma的角色将继续发展，为医学和工业中更有效和更安全地使用辐射铺平道路。因此，掌握kerma的概念对于在这些领域工作的专业人士至关重要，确保他们能够有效地应用这一知识，以增强患者护理和安全实践。