lyases

简明释义

英[liˈːeɪsɪz]美[laɪˈeɪsɪz]

n. [生化]裂解酶；[生化]裂合酶（lyase 的复数形式）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) were used as catalyst for synthesis of enantiopure cyanohydrins which serve as versatile bifunctional building blocks for agro-and pharmaceutical intermediates.

醇腈酶在化学合成中催化碳碳键的形成，其产物氰醇可以转化成多种重要的手性医药和农药中间体。

2.The hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) were used as catalyst for synthesis of enantiopure cyanohydrins which serve as versatile bifunctional building blocks for agro-and pharmaceutical intermediates.

醇腈酶在化学合成中催化碳碳键的形成，其产物氰醇可以转化成多种重要的手性医药和农药中间体。

3.Extensive study of some pectinase such as protopectinases, polygalacturonases, lyases and pectin esterases has been done up to the present.

在果胶酶中，原果胶酶、聚半乳糖醛酸酶、裂解酶和果胶酯酶得到了广泛深入的研究。

4.This review catalogs the major characteristics of these lyases, the methods for analyzing these enzymes, as well as their biological roles.

本文对海藻酸盐裂解酶的生物特性、研究方法及其生物学功能进行了介绍。

5.Enzymatic reactions often involve various types of enzymes, including lyases (裂解酶) that break chemical bonds.

酶促反应通常涉及多种类型的酶，包括lyases（裂解酶），它们可以断裂化学键。

6.In metabolic pathways, lyases (裂解酶) play a crucial role in the conversion of substrates into products.

在代谢途径中，lyases（裂解酶）在底物转化为产物的过程中起着至关重要的作用。

7.Researchers are studying the mechanisms by which lyases (裂解酶) catalyze the removal of groups from substrates.

研究人员正在研究lyases（裂解酶）催化底物去除基团的机制。

8.Certain lyases (裂解酶) are essential for the biosynthesis of amino acids.

某些lyases（裂解酶）对氨基酸的生物合成是必不可少的。

9.The activity of lyases (裂解酶) can be influenced by pH and temperature conditions.

环境的pH值和温度条件可以影响lyases（裂解酶）的活性。

作文

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. Among the various types of enzymes, one particularly interesting group is known as lyases, which play a crucial role in breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones. Lyases are unique because they can catalyze the addition or removal of groups to and from double bonds without the need for water, which distinguishes them from other enzyme classes such as hydrolases and ligases. This characteristic makes lyases essential in various metabolic pathways, including those involved in the synthesis and degradation of biomolecules. One of the most notable functions of lyases is their involvement in the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle. This cycle is fundamental for cellular respiration, where energy is produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Certain lyases help convert citrate into isocitrate by removing a water molecule, showcasing their ability to facilitate reactions that would otherwise be energetically unfavorable. Without lyases, the efficiency of energy production in cells would significantly decrease, highlighting their importance in maintaining life. In addition to their role in energy metabolism, lyases are also vital in the biosynthesis of amino acids and nucleotides. For instance, the enzyme aspartate carbamoyltransferase, a type of lyase, is involved in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides, which are essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This demonstrates how lyases contribute not only to energy production but also to the building blocks of genetic material, underscoring their versatility and significance in biological processes. Moreover, lyases have applications beyond basic biological functions. They are increasingly being studied for their potential in biotechnology and medicine. For example, certain lyases can be used in the production of biofuels, where they help break down biomass into fermentable sugars. This process is crucial for developing sustainable energy sources and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Additionally, understanding the mechanisms of lyases can lead to advancements in drug design, particularly in targeting specific metabolic pathways in diseases like cancer. In conclusion, lyases are an essential class of enzymes that facilitate critical biochemical reactions in living organisms. Their unique ability to catalyze the addition or removal of groups to and from double bonds without water sets them apart from other enzymes. From energy production in the citric acid cycle to the biosynthesis of vital biomolecules, lyases play a multifaceted role in metabolism. Furthermore, their potential applications in biotechnology and medicine highlight the importance of continued research in this area. Understanding lyases not only enhances our knowledge of biological processes but also opens up new avenues for innovation in health and sustainability.

酶是生物催化剂，加速生物体内的化学反应。在各种类型的酶中，有一类特别有趣的酶被称为lyases，它们在将复杂分子分解为更简单的分子方面发挥着关键作用。Lyases的独特之处在于，它们可以在不需要水的情况下，催化双键上基团的添加或去除，这使得它们与其他酶类（如水解酶和连接酶）区分开来。这一特性使得lyases在多种代谢途径中至关重要，包括参与生物大分子的合成和降解。 Lyases最显著的功能之一是在柠檬酸循环中的作用，也被称为克雷布斯循环。这个循环对细胞呼吸至关重要，在这一过程中，细胞从碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质中产生能量。某些lyases通过去除一个水分子，将柠檬酸转化为异柠檬酸，展示了它们能够促进在能量上不利的反应。如果没有lyases，细胞中的能量生产效率将显著降低，这突显了它们在维持生命中的重要性。 除了在能量代谢中的作用外，lyases在氨基酸和核苷酸的生物合成中也是必不可少的。例如，酶天冬氨酸氨甲酰转移酶就是一种lyase，它参与嘧啶核苷酸的合成，而嘧啶核苷酸是DNA和RNA合成所必需的。这表明lyases不仅有助于能量产生，还参与遗传物质的构建，强调了它们在生物过程中的多样性和重要性。 此外，lyases在基础生物功能之外还具有应用价值。它们越来越受到关注，尤其是在生物技术和医学领域。例如，某些lyases可以用于生物燃料的生产，帮助将生物质分解为可发酵的糖。这一过程对开发可持续能源来源和减少对化石燃料的依赖至关重要。此外，了解lyases的机制可以推动药物设计的进步，特别是在针对癌症等疾病中特定代谢途径的靶向治疗。 总之，lyases是促进生物体内关键生化反应的重要酶类。它们独特的能力使得它们能够在不需要水的情况下催化双键上基团的添加或去除，使其与其他酶类区别开来。从柠檬酸循环中的能量生产到重要生物分子的生物合成，lyases在代谢中发挥着多方面的作用。此外，它们在生物技术和医学中的潜在应用突显了在这一领域持续研究的重要性。理解lyases不仅增强了我们对生物过程的认识，也为健康和可持续性创新开辟了新途径。