mycorrhizae

简明释义

英[/maɪˈkɔrɪˌzeɪ/]美[/maɪˈkɔrɪˌzeɪ/]

n. 菌根（mycorrhiza 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Arbuscular mycorrhizae are the most widespread mutualistic symbionts among the symbionts between plants and microbes.

摘要在植物与微生物的共生体中，最广泛的互惠共生体就是丛枝菌根。

2.Arbuscular mycorrhizae are the most widespread mutualistic symbionts among the symbionts between plants and microbes.

摘要在植物与微生物的共生体中，最广泛的互惠共生体就是丛枝菌根。

3.Arbuscular mycorrhizae are the most widespread mutualistic symbionts among the symbionts between plants and microbes.

在植物与微生物的共生体中，最广泛的互惠共生体就是丛枝菌根。

4.The researchers are concerning about the effects of acid precipitation on mycorrhizae on the molecular level.

酸沉降对菌根影响在分子水平上的表现受到研究者的关注。

5.Montery pine needs mycorrhizae, which were already present or inadvertently introduced into many areas.

辐射松需有菌根共生，这种真菌可能存在于许多地方或已无意中被引入了许多地区。

6.The presence of mycorrhizae enhances nutrient uptake in plants.

存在菌根可以增强植物的养分吸收。

7.Research shows that mycorrhizae can improve soil structure.

研究表明，菌根可以改善土壤结构。

8.Farmers are increasingly relying on mycorrhizae for organic farming.

农民们越来越依赖菌根进行有机农业。

9.Certain trees form symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizae to thrive in poor soils.

某些树木与菌根形成共生关系，以在贫瘠的土壤中茁壮成长。

10.The mycorrhizae network helps plants communicate and share resources.

菌根网络帮助植物沟通并共享资源。

作文

In the vast and intricate web of life that exists beneath our feet, one of the most fascinating relationships is that between plants and fungi, specifically the phenomenon known as mycorrhizae. This term refers to the symbiotic association between the roots of plants and certain types of fungi. The word itself derives from the Greek words 'mycos', meaning fungus, and 'rhiza', meaning root. This relationship is crucial for the health and growth of many plant species, as it enhances nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus, which is essential for plant development. The existence of mycorrhizae can be traced back hundreds of millions of years, playing a significant role in the colonization of land by plants. Without these fungal partners, many plants would struggle to survive in nutrient-poor soils. The fungi extend their hyphae, which are thread-like structures, into the soil, increasing the surface area for absorption. This extension allows plants to access water and nutrients that would otherwise be out of reach. In return, the fungi receive carbohydrates produced by the plants through photosynthesis, creating a mutually beneficial relationship. There are several types of mycorrhizae, including arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and ectomycorrhizae (EM). Arbuscular mycorrhizae are the most common type, forming structures called arbuscules within the root cells of the host plant. These structures facilitate the exchange of nutrients between the fungus and the plant. Ectomycorrhizae, on the other hand, form a sheath around the roots and do not penetrate the root cells. They are typically associated with trees such as oaks and pines. The ecological significance of mycorrhizae extends beyond individual plants. These fungi play a vital role in maintaining soil health and structure. By binding soil particles together, they help prevent erosion and improve soil aeration and water retention. Furthermore, mycorrhizae enhance biodiversity in ecosystems by facilitating plant growth, which in turn supports various forms of wildlife. Healthy plant communities foster habitats for insects, birds, and other organisms, creating a balanced ecosystem. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on the implications of mycorrhizae in agriculture and environmental conservation. Understanding how these fungi interact with plants can lead to more sustainable farming practices. For instance, incorporating mycorrhizae into agricultural systems can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers, thus minimizing environmental impact. Additionally, restoring mycorrhizae in degraded ecosystems can aid in the recovery of native plant species and improve overall ecosystem resilience. Despite their importance, mycorrhizae face threats from habitat destruction, climate change, and agricultural practices that disrupt soil health. As we continue to learn about the critical roles these fungi play, it becomes increasingly clear that protecting mycorrhizae and their associated ecosystems is vital for the future of our planet. In conclusion, mycorrhizae are not just a scientific curiosity; they are a fundamental component of life on Earth, supporting plant health, soil integrity, and biodiversity. Understanding and preserving these relationships will be essential as we strive to create a more sustainable world.

在我们脚下存在的广阔而复杂的生命网络中，植物与真菌之间的关系，特别是被称为菌根的现象，是最迷人的关系之一。这个术语指的是植物根系与某些类型真菌之间的共生关系。这个词本身源自希腊语单词“mycos”，意为真菌，“rhiza”，意为根。这种关系对许多植物物种的健康和生长至关重要，因为它增强了营养吸收，特别是磷，这对植物发展至关重要。 菌根的存在可以追溯到几亿年前，在植物向陆地定殖的过程中发挥了重要作用。如果没有这些真菌伙伴，许多植物将在贫瘠的土壤中难以生存。真菌通过其菌丝（线状结构）向土壤延伸，增加了吸收的表面积。这种延伸使植物能够获取水分和营养，而这些通常是无法触及的。作为回报，真菌通过光合作用从植物那里获得碳水化合物，形成一种互惠互利的关系。 菌根有几种类型，包括丛枝菌根（AM）和外生菌根（EM）。丛枝菌根是最常见的一种，形成称为丛枝的结构，位于寄主植物的根细胞内。这些结构促进了真菌与植物之间的营养交换。外生菌根则在根部周围形成一层鞘，并不渗透到根细胞中。它们通常与橡树和松树等树木相关。 菌根的生态意义超越了单个植物。这些真菌在维持土壤健康和结构方面发挥着重要作用。通过将土壤颗粒结合在一起，它们有助于防止侵蚀，并改善土壤的通气性和水分保持能力。此外，菌根通过促进植物生长来增强生态系统的生物多样性，这反过来又支持各种野生动物。健康的植物群落为昆虫、鸟类和其他生物创造栖息地，形成一个平衡的生态系统。 近年来，研究越来越关注菌根在农业和环境保护中的影响。了解这些真菌如何与植物相互作用，可以导致更可持续的农业实践。例如，将菌根纳入农业系统可以减少对化肥的需求，从而最小化环境影响。此外，在退化生态系统中恢复菌根可以帮助恢复本土植物物种并改善整体生态系统的韧性。 尽管它们的重要性，菌根面临着栖息地破坏、气候变化和破坏土壤健康的农业实践等威胁。随着我们继续了解这些真菌所发挥的关键作用，越来越清楚的是，保护菌根及其相关生态系统对于我们星球的未来至关重要。总之，菌根不仅仅是科学好奇心；它们是地球生命的基本组成部分，支持植物健康、土壤完整性和生物多样性。理解和保护这些关系将是我们努力创造一个更可持续世界的关键。