nucleosome

简明释义

英[ˈnjuːklɪə(ʊ)səʊm]美[ˈnʊkliəˌsom;ˈnjʊkliəˌsom]

n. 核小体

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.These modifications regulate histone-DNA interactions, adding a new dimension to the epigenetic regulation of nucleosome mobility.

这些修饰调控组蛋白- DNA相互作用，为核小体迁移的表观遗传调控添加了新的维度。

2.In eukaryotic cells, the fundamental unit of chromatin is nucleosome, which is composed of a histone octamer with two copies of HA, HB, H and H and base pairs of DNA.

真核细胞中，核小体是染色质的基本单位，它由两个拷贝HA、HB、H和H所组成的核心组蛋白八聚体，及缠绕于其上的bpDNA构成。

3.Histone H3 along with H2A, H2B, and H4 form the eukaryotic nucleosome octamer core.

组蛋白 H3与H2A，H2B，H4 共同构成了真核生物核小体的八聚体核心。

4.The nucleosome is therefore a key target of genetic processes in a cell and a focus of scientific investigations into how normal and diseased cells work.

因此核小体是细胞内遗传过程的一个关键靶标，也是解密正常与异常细胞工作方式的科学探索活动的一个焦点。

5.Histones that come together to form the core of the nucleosome.

在一起形成核小体核心的组蛋白。

6.Nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin.

核小体是染色质的基本单位。

7.The structure of a nucleosome 核小体 is crucial for understanding DNA packaging.

一个核小体的结构对于理解DNA的包装至关重要。

8.Each nucleosome 核小体 consists of DNA wrapped around histone proteins.

每个核小体由缠绕在组蛋白周围的DNA组成。

9.Changes in nucleosome 核小体 positioning can affect gene expression.

在核小体定位上的变化可以影响基因表达。

10.The study of nucleosome 核小体 dynamics is essential for epigenetics research.

研究核小体动态对于表观遗传学研究至关重要。

11.During cell division, nucleosome 核小体 structures must be carefully replicated.

在细胞分裂过程中，核小体结构必须被仔细复制。

作文

The structure of DNA is often compared to a twisted ladder, but this analogy only scratches the surface of its complexity. At the fundamental level, DNA is packaged into structures called nucleosomes, which play a crucial role in the organization and regulation of genetic material in eukaryotic cells. A nucleosome consists of a segment of DNA wound around a core of histone proteins. This arrangement not only protects the DNA but also makes it easier for the cell to access specific genes when needed. Understanding nucleosomes is essential for grasping how genes are expressed and regulated. Each nucleosome can be thought of as a bead on a string, with the DNA acting as the string. The way these beads are organized and spaced along the DNA affects how tightly the DNA is packed. Tightly packed DNA is less accessible for transcription, which means that the genes in that region are less likely to be expressed. Conversely, when the nucleosomes are spaced out, the DNA is more accessible, allowing for gene expression. The modifications of histones within nucleosomes also play a significant role in gene regulation. Chemical changes such as methylation or acetylation of histones can influence the structure of the nucleosome and, consequently, the accessibility of the DNA wrapped around it. These modifications act like signals that either promote or inhibit the expression of specific genes. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of nucleosomes can provide insights into various biological processes, including development, differentiation, and disease. In addition to their role in gene regulation, nucleosomes are also involved in the process of DNA replication. During cell division, the entire genome must be accurately duplicated to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical set of genetic instructions. As the DNA unwinds for replication, the nucleosomes must be temporarily disassembled and then reassembled onto the newly synthesized DNA strands. This dynamic process highlights the importance of nucleosomes in maintaining genomic integrity. Moreover, research into nucleosomes has implications in the field of medicine. Many diseases, including cancer, are associated with abnormalities in gene expression. By studying how nucleosomes function and how they can be altered, scientists hope to develop targeted therapies that can correct these abnormalities. For instance, drugs that modify histone acetylation or methylation patterns could potentially restore normal gene expression in cancer cells. In conclusion, nucleosomes are fundamental units of DNA packaging that not only protect our genetic material but also regulate gene expression and maintain genomic stability. They serve as key players in various cellular processes, and their study is vital for understanding the complexities of genetics and epigenetics. As research progresses, the knowledge gained from studying nucleosomes will undoubtedly lead to advancements in medical science and a deeper understanding of life itself.

DNA的结构常常被比作一把扭曲的梯子，但这种类比仅仅触及了其复杂性的表面。在基本层面上，DNA被包装成称为核小体的结构，这在真核细胞中起着组织和调节遗传物质的重要作用。核小体由一段缠绕在组蛋白核心周围的DNA组成。这种排列不仅保护DNA，而且使细胞在需要时更容易接触特定基因。 理解核小体对于掌握基因的表达和调节至关重要。每个核小体可以被视为串珠上的一个珠子，而DNA则充当绳子。这些珠子沿DNA的组织和间隔方式会影响DNA的包装紧密程度。紧密包装的DNA对转录的可接触性较低，这意味着该区域的基因不太可能被表达。相反，当核小体间隔开时，DNA的可接触性增加，从而允许基因表达。 在核小体内组蛋白的修饰也在基因调节中发挥着重要作用。组蛋白的化学变化，如甲基化或乙酰化，可以影响核小体的结构，从而影响包裹在其周围的DNA的可接触性。这些修饰像信号一样，促进或抑制特定基因的表达。因此，理解核小体的动态变化可以提供对各种生物过程的见解，包括发育、分化和疾病。 除了在基因调节中的作用外，核小体还参与DNA复制的过程。在细胞分裂过程中，整个基因组必须准确复制，以确保每个子细胞获得一组相同的遗传指令。当DNA为复制而解开时，核小体必须暂时拆解，然后重新组装到新合成的DNA链上。这一动态过程突显了核小体在维持基因组完整性方面的重要性。 此外，对核小体的研究在医学领域也具有重要意义。许多疾病，包括癌症，都与基因表达的异常有关。通过研究核小体的功能及其如何被改变，科学家希望开发出能够纠正这些异常的靶向疗法。例如，能够修改组蛋白乙酰化或甲基化模式的药物可能有助于恢复癌细胞中的正常基因表达。 总之，核小体是DNA包装的基本单元，不仅保护我们的遗传物质，还调节基因表达和维持基因组稳定性。它们在各种细胞过程中发挥着关键作用，其研究对于理解遗传学和表观遗传学的复杂性至关重要。随着研究的进展，从研究核小体中获得的知识无疑将推动医学科学的进步，并加深我们对生命本身的理解。