oligonucleotide

简明释义

英[ˌɒlɪɡəʊˈnjuːkliətaɪd]美[ˌɑːlɪɡoʊˈnuːkliətaɪd]

n. [生化] 寡核苷酸；[生化] 低核苷酸；[生化] 低聚核苷酸

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Random DNA sequencing result was identical to the results of oligonucleotide array.

部分样品的随机测序结果与寡核苷酸阵列杂交结果一致。

2.Using oligonucleotide arrays, s. aureus resistance and virulence genes were compared between grade 1 and grade 2-4 ulcers.

应用寡核苷酸芯片后，比较1级和2 - 4级溃疡病人中，金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性和致病基因。

3.The typical solid phase syntheses and their application in the syntheses of polypeptide, oligonucleotide and oligosaccharide have been described.

综述了典型的固相合成法，及其在多肽、低聚核苷酸和寡糖合成中的应用。

4.These compositions including an immunosuppressive oligonucleotide can be used for the treatment of uveitis, including anterior, posterior, and diffuse uveitis.

包括免疫抑制性寡核苷酸的这些组合物可用于治疗葡萄膜炎，包括前、后以及弥散性葡萄膜炎。

5.Methods Oligonucleotide microarrays consisting of 87 probes representing 87 human cardiovascular disease-related genes were constructed.

方法制备了包含87个心血管疾病相关基因探针的寡核苷酸芯片。

6.Conclusions The radioiodination method by conjugating the oligonucleotide with tyramine was very successful.

结论通过连接酪胺碘标记寡核苷酸法是比较成功的方法。

7.According to the structures, DNA chip can be divided into two variants, DNA array and oligonucleotide microchip.

依其结构，DNA芯片可分为两种形式，DNA阵列和寡核苷酸微芯片。

8.Phase II trials with an antisense oligonucleotide against HSP-27 in CRPC are underway.

以HSP-27为靶点的反义寡核甘酸正处于第二期临床试验中。

9.But change an Angle to think, the past can be beautiful romance forget so clean man, isn't that a little lady oligonucleotide righteousness?

但换个角度去想，能把过去的美好恋情忘得如此干净的男人，是不是有点薄情寡义了？

10.Researchers synthesized a specific oligonucleotide to target the mutated gene in the patient's DNA.

研究人员合成了一种特定的寡核苷酸以靶向患者DNA中的突变基因。

11.The oligonucleotide probe was used in the experiment to detect the presence of viral RNA.

在实验中使用了寡核苷酸探针来检测病毒RNA的存在。

12.In gene therapy, an oligonucleotide can be delivered to cells to correct genetic defects.

在基因治疗中，可以将寡核苷酸递送到细胞中以修正基因缺陷。

13.The design of an effective oligonucleotide is crucial for successful PCR amplification.

有效的寡核苷酸设计对成功的PCR扩增至关重要。

14.Scientists are developing an oligonucleotide that can inhibit the expression of a specific protein.

科学家们正在开发一种可以抑制特定蛋白质表达的寡核苷酸。

作文

Oligonucleotides are short sequences of nucleotides, typically ranging from 2 to 30 bases in length. They play a crucial role in various biological processes and have become indispensable tools in molecular biology and genetic research. The term 'oligonucleotide' refers to a molecule composed of a small number of nucleotide units, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Due to their unique structure, oligonucleotides can be designed to bind specifically to complementary sequences of DNA or RNA, making them valuable in numerous applications. One of the primary uses of oligonucleotides is in the field of diagnostics. For instance, they are utilized in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to amplify specific DNA segments. By designing primers, which are essentially oligonucleotides, researchers can selectively replicate target DNA sequences, enabling the detection of genetic material from pathogens or mutations associated with diseases. This ability to identify specific genetic markers has revolutionized medical diagnostics, allowing for earlier detection and more personalized treatment plans. In addition to diagnostics, oligonucleotides are also pivotal in therapeutic applications. Antisense therapy, for example, involves using oligonucleotides to inhibit the expression of disease-causing genes. By binding to the messenger RNA (mRNA) produced by these genes, oligonucleotides can prevent the translation process, effectively silencing the gene's expression. This approach has shown promise in treating various conditions, including certain cancers and genetic disorders, highlighting the potential of oligonucleotides in modern medicine. Furthermore, oligonucleotides are essential in the development of vaccines. With the advent of mRNA vaccines, such as those used during the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of oligonucleotides has gained significant attention. These vaccines utilize synthetic oligonucleotides to instruct cells to produce a harmless piece of the virus's spike protein, triggering an immune response. This innovative approach underscores the versatility of oligonucleotides in both prevention and treatment strategies. The synthesis of oligonucleotides has also advanced significantly over the years. Modern techniques, such as solid-phase synthesis, allow for the rapid and cost-effective production of custom-designed oligonucleotides. Researchers can now create specific sequences tailored for their experiments, enhancing the precision and efficacy of their studies. This accessibility has democratized research, enabling laboratories worldwide to explore new avenues in genetic engineering and biotechnology. In conclusion, oligonucleotides are fundamental components in the realm of molecular biology, serving as powerful tools in diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine development. Their ability to interact specifically with nucleic acids makes them invaluable in understanding genetic diseases and developing targeted treatments. As research continues to evolve, the importance of oligonucleotides will undoubtedly grow, paving the way for innovative solutions to some of the most pressing health challenges of our time. The ongoing exploration of oligonucleotides promises to unlock new potentials in science and medicine, ultimately improving human health and well-being.

寡核苷酸是指由少量核苷酸组成的短序列，通常长度在2到30个碱基之间。它们在各种生物过程中发挥着至关重要的作用，并且已成为分子生物学和遗传研究中不可或缺的工具。术语“寡核苷酸”指的是由少量核苷酸单元组成的分子，而核苷酸是DNA和RNA的基本构件。每个核苷酸由一个糖、一个磷酸基团和一个含氮碱基组成。由于其独特的结构，寡核苷酸可以被设计为特异性地与DNA或RNA的互补序列结合，使其在众多应用中具有重要价值。 寡核苷酸的主要用途之一是在诊断领域。例如，它们在聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术中被用来扩增特定的DNA片段。通过设计引物，这些本质上是寡核苷酸，研究人员可以选择性地复制目标DNA序列，从而实现对病原体或与疾病相关的突变的检测。这种识别特定基因标记的能力彻底改变了医学诊断，使早期检测和个性化治疗方案成为可能。 除了诊断，寡核苷酸在治疗应用中也至关重要。例如，反义疗法涉及使用寡核苷酸来抑制致病基因的表达。通过与这些基因产生的信使RNA（mRNA）结合，寡核苷酸可以阻止翻译过程，有效地沉默基因的表达。这种方法在治疗某些癌症和遗传疾病方面显示出了希望，突显了寡核苷酸在现代医学中的潜力。 此外，寡核苷酸在疫苗开发中也至关重要。随着mRNA疫苗的出现，例如在COVID-19大流行期间使用的疫苗，寡核苷酸的作用受到了广泛关注。这些疫苗利用合成的寡核苷酸指示细胞产生病毒刺突蛋白的无害片段，从而触发免疫反应。这种创新方法强调了寡核苷酸在预防和治疗策略中的多样性。 近年来，寡核苷酸的合成技术也显著进步。现代技术，如固相合成，允许快速且具有成本效益地生产定制设计的寡核苷酸。研究人员现在可以创建针对其实验的特定序列，提高研究的精确性和有效性。这种可及性使得全球的实验室能够探索基因工程和生物技术的新途径。 总之，寡核苷酸是分子生物学领域中的基本组成部分，作为强大的工具在诊断、治疗和疫苗开发中发挥作用。它们与核酸的特异性相互作用使其在理解遗传疾病和开发靶向治疗中不可或缺。随着研究的不断发展，寡核苷酸的重要性无疑将会增长，为解决一些最紧迫的健康挑战铺平道路。对寡核苷酸的持续探索承诺将解锁科学和医学的新潜力，最终改善人类健康和福祉。