onchocerciasis

简明释义

英[ˌɒŋkəʊsəˈkaɪəsɪs]美[ˌɑŋkosɜːrˈsaɪəsɪs]

n. [内科]盘尾丝虫病（等于 onchocercosis）

复 数 o n c h o c e r c i a s e s

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例句

1.A clinical trial is being launched in three African countries of a drug that could eliminate onchocerciasis, or river blindness, one of the leading infectious causes of blindness across Africa.

盘尾丝虫病或者河盲症是整个非洲存在的一个主要致盲性传染病，一种可以用来消灭该病的新药目前在3个非洲国家进入临床试验。

2.A clinical trial is being launched in three African countries of a drug that could eliminate onchocerciasis, or river blindness, one of the leading infectious causes of blindness across Africa.

盘尾丝虫病或者河盲症是整个非洲存在的一个主要致盲性传染病，一种可以用来消灭该病的新药目前在3个非洲国家进入临床试验。

3.Treatment with ivermectin has enabled significant progress in the control of onchocerciasis, and currently reaches more than 60 million people in Africa annually.

使用伊维菌素使疾病控制取得了明显的进展，非洲目前每年有逾6千万人接受治疗。

4.Onchocerciasis is an endemic disease in west Africa and Central America.

盘尾丝虫病是西部非洲和中美洲的一种地方病。

5.The World Health Organization is working to eliminate onchocerciasis (河盲症) in several African countries.

世界卫生组织正在努力消灭几个非洲国家的onchocerciasis（河盲症）。

6.In areas where onchocerciasis (河盲症) is endemic, community health programs are critical.

在onchocerciasis（河盲症）流行的地区，社区健康项目至关重要。

7.Symptoms of onchocerciasis (河盲症) can include severe itching and skin rashes.

onchocerciasis（河盲症）的症状包括严重的瘙痒和皮疹。

8.Preventive measures against onchocerciasis (河盲症) include the use of insect repellent.

防止onchocerciasis（河盲症）的措施包括使用驱虫剂。

9.Research continues to find effective treatments for onchocerciasis (河盲症).

研究仍在继续寻找有效的onchocerciasis（河盲症）治疗方法。

作文

Onchocerciasis, commonly known as river blindness, is a disease caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. This disease primarily affects people living in rural areas near fast-flowing rivers and streams, where the blackfly, the vector for this parasite, breeds. The transmission of this disease is a significant public health concern in many parts of Africa, as well as in some areas of Latin America and Yemen. Understanding onchocerciasis is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat its spread and mitigate its impact on affected communities. The life cycle of the Onchocerca volvulus worm begins when a blackfly bites an infected person and ingests microfilariae, the larval stage of the worm. These larvae then develop within the blackfly and are transmitted to another human host through subsequent bites. Once inside the human body, the larvae mature into adult worms, which can live for many years. The adult worms reside in nodules under the skin, where they can produce millions of microfilariae that migrate throughout the body, particularly affecting the skin and eyes. The symptoms of onchocerciasis can vary widely. In the skin, it can cause intense itching, rashes, and changes in skin pigmentation. The most severe consequence occurs when microfilariae migrate to the eyes, leading to inflammation, scarring, and ultimately blindness. This condition is referred to as river blindness due to its prevalence in riverine areas. The social implications of onchocerciasis are profound; those who suffer from it may face stigma, loss of livelihood, and decreased quality of life. Efforts to control onchocerciasis have been ongoing for decades, with mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin being the cornerstone of prevention strategies. Ivermectin is a medication that effectively kills the microfilariae and reduces transmission rates. Community-directed treatment programs have been implemented in many endemic regions, ensuring that those at risk receive this vital medication regularly. Additionally, vector control measures, such as the use of insecticide-treated nets and environmental management to reduce blackfly populations, play a critical role in combating the disease. Despite these efforts, challenges remain. Access to healthcare services in remote areas can be limited, making it difficult to implement comprehensive control measures. Furthermore, there is a need for ongoing surveillance to monitor the effectiveness of interventions and detect any potential resurgence of the disease. Research into new treatment options and vaccines is also essential to provide more robust solutions to this long-standing public health issue. In conclusion, onchocerciasis is a debilitating disease that poses significant health risks to affected populations. Understanding its transmission, symptoms, and control measures is vital for reducing its burden. Continued efforts in education, healthcare access, and research will be necessary to eradicate this disease and improve the lives of those living in endemic regions. Addressing onchocerciasis not only has health benefits but also contributes to the overall socioeconomic development of communities plagued by this disease. Preventing onchocerciasis is a step towards ensuring a healthier future for millions of individuals worldwide.

河盲症，通常被称为onchocerciasis，是由寄生虫线虫Onchocerca volvulus引起的一种疾病。这种疾病主要影响生活在快速流动的河流和溪流附近的农村地区的人们，在这些地方，黑蝇是这种寄生虫的传播媒介。该疾病的传播在非洲的许多地区以及拉丁美洲和也门的一些地区是一个重要的公共卫生问题。理解onchocerciasis对制定有效的策略以抗击其传播和减轻其对受影响社区的影响至关重要。 Onchocerca volvulus线虫的生命周期始于黑蝇叮咬感染者并摄取微丝蚴，这是线虫的幼虫阶段。这些幼虫随后在黑蝇体内发育，并通过随后的叮咬传播给另一个人类宿主。一旦进入人体，幼虫会成熟为成虫，这些成虫可以在体内存活多年。成虫栖息在皮下的结节中，可以产生数百万微丝蚴，这些微丝蚴在全身迁移，特别是影响皮肤和眼睛。 onchocerciasis的症状因人而异。在皮肤上，它可能导致剧烈瘙痒、皮疹和皮肤色素改变。最严重的后果发生在微丝蚴迁移到眼睛时，导致炎症、瘢痕，最终失明。这种情况被称为河盲症，因为它在河流区域的流行程度。onchocerciasis的社会影响深远；那些遭受此病的人可能面临污名化、失去生计和生活质量下降。 控制onchocerciasis的努力已经持续了几十年，伊维菌素的大规模药物管理（MDA）是预防策略的核心。伊维菌素是一种有效杀死微丝蚴并降低传播率的药物。许多地方实施了社区导向的治疗程序，确保有风险的人定期接受这种重要药物。此外，向量控制措施，如使用杀虫剂处理的网和环境管理以减少黑蝇种群，在抗击该疾病方面也发挥着关键作用。 尽管有这些努力，仍然存在挑战。偏远地区的医疗服务获取可能有限，使得全面实施控制措施变得困难。此外，需要进行持续监测，以评估干预措施的有效性并发现任何潜在的复发。对新治疗方案和疫苗的研究也至关重要，以提供更强有力的解决方案来应对这一长期公共卫生问题。 总之，onchocerciasis是一种削弱身体的疾病，对受影响人群构成重大健康风险。了解其传播、症状和控制措施对于减少其负担至关重要。在教育、医疗服务获取和研究方面的持续努力将是消灭这种疾病并改善生活在流行地区的人的生活所必需的。解决onchocerciasis不仅具有健康益处，还有助于促进受此病困扰社区的整体社会经济发展。预防onchocerciasis是确保全球数百万个体更健康未来的一步。