oncogenes

简明释义

英[ˈɒŋkəʊdʒiːnz]美[ˈɑŋkəˌdʒin]

n. [遗][肿瘤]致癌基因（oncogene 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.It is known that many related products of oncogenes and anti - oncogenes take part in the signal transduction of grow, proliferation and differentiation of cells.

近年来的研究发现，许多癌基因和抑癌基因相关产物为细胞生长、增殖、分化等信号转导途径的成员。

2.Although there is emerging evidence that some microRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumour suppressors, the role of microRNAs in mediating cancer metastasis remains unexplored.

虽然有事实证明一些微小rna能够起癌基因或者抑癌基因，但是其在肿瘤的侵袭和转移中的作用尚未有研究。

3.A small number of new cancer drugs target oncogenes directly, but this may not be the only promising new direction for treating cancers.

有少数的新抗癌药物是通过直接作用于肿瘤基因发挥作用的，但是这并非治疗癌症唯一有希望的方向。

4.Oncogenes are genes that can cause healthy cells to transform into tumor cells.

致癌基因是一种可将健康细胞变成癌细胞的基因。

5.Objective: To study the role of the oncogenes in cutaneous t cell lymphoma.

目的：研究癌基因在皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤中的作用。

6.Therefore, the detection of oncogenes and TSGs in different tumors is the basic prerequisite to understand the mechanism of tumorigenesis and to conduct gene diagnosis and gene therapy.

因此，探讨不同类型肿瘤相关癌基因和抑癌基因是认识肿瘤发生分子机理、开展基因诊断和基因治疗的基本前提。

7.Researchers have identified several key oncogenes 癌基因 that contribute to the development of breast cancer.

研究人员已识别出几种关键的oncogenes 癌基因，它们有助于乳腺癌的发展。

8.The activation of oncogenes 癌基因 can lead to uncontrolled cell division.

活化oncogenes 癌基因可能导致细胞不受控制地分裂。

9.In many cancers, mutations in oncogenes 癌基因 play a critical role in tumor progression.

在许多癌症中，oncogenes 癌基因的突变在肿瘤进展中起着关键作用。

10.Therapies targeting specific oncogenes 癌基因 are being developed to improve cancer treatment outcomes.

针对特定oncogenes 癌基因的疗法正在开发，以改善癌症治疗效果。

11.The study of oncogenes 癌基因 has led to significant advancements in personalized medicine.

对oncogenes 癌基因的研究已经推动了个性化医学的重大进展。

作文

In the field of molecular biology, the term oncogenes refers to specific genes that have the potential to cause cancer when they are mutated or expressed at high levels. These genes typically play a crucial role in cell growth and division. Under normal circumstances, they help regulate the cell cycle and ensure that cells divide properly. However, when these genes become altered, they can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, which is a hallmark of cancer. Understanding oncogenes is vital for researchers and medical professionals alike, as it opens up new avenues for cancer treatment and prevention. The discovery of oncogenes has significantly advanced our knowledge of cancer biology. Initially, scientists identified several key oncogenes, including RAS, MYC, and HER2, which are associated with various types of cancer. For instance, mutations in the RAS gene are commonly found in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. Similarly, overexpression of the HER2 gene is linked to aggressive forms of breast cancer. By studying these genes, researchers can develop targeted therapies that specifically inhibit the activity of the proteins produced by oncogenes. This approach is known as targeted therapy and represents a significant shift from traditional chemotherapy, which often affects both cancerous and healthy cells. Moreover, the identification of oncogenes has led to the development of diagnostic tools that can detect cancer at an earlier stage. For example, testing for specific mutations in oncogenes can help determine a patient's risk for developing certain cancers, allowing for more personalized screening and preventive measures. This is particularly important because early detection is often key to successful treatment outcomes. Another important aspect of oncogenes is their role in the progression of cancer. As tumors evolve, they may acquire additional mutations in other genes, leading to a more aggressive phenotype. This phenomenon is known as tumor heterogeneity, and it poses significant challenges for treatment. Some oncogenes may be active in one patient's tumor but not in another's, making it essential for oncologists to tailor treatments based on the genetic profile of the tumor. Advances in genomic sequencing technology have made it possible to analyze the genetic makeup of tumors, providing valuable insights into the specific oncogenes involved in each case. Furthermore, research into oncogenes has also highlighted the importance of environmental factors in cancer development. Certain lifestyle choices, such as smoking and diet, can influence the expression of oncogenes and contribute to the initiation of cancer. This underscores the need for public health initiatives aimed at reducing exposure to known carcinogens and promoting healthier lifestyles. In conclusion, oncogenes are a fundamental component of cancer biology, serving as both markers for diagnosis and targets for therapy. The ongoing research in this area continues to unveil the complexities of cancer and offers hope for more effective treatments. As we deepen our understanding of oncogenes, we move closer to a future where cancer can be managed more effectively, improving the quality of life for patients around the world.

在分子生物学领域，术语癌基因指的是特定的基因，当它们发生突变或以高水平表达时，具有导致癌症的潜力。这些基因通常在细胞生长和分裂中发挥重要作用。在正常情况下，它们帮助调节细胞周期，并确保细胞正确分裂。然而，当这些基因发生改变时，它们可能导致细胞增殖失控，这是癌症的一个标志。理解癌基因对研究人员和医疗专业人员至关重要，因为它为癌症治疗和预防开辟了新的途径。 癌基因的发现显著推动了我们对癌症生物学的理解。最初，科学家们识别出几个关键的癌基因，包括RAS、MYC和HER2，这些基因与各种类型的癌症相关。例如，RAS基因的突变通常在胰腺、结肠和肺癌中发现。同样，HER2基因的过表达与侵袭性乳腺癌相关。通过研究这些基因，研究人员可以开发针对性疗法，专门抑制由癌基因产生的蛋白质的活性。这种方法被称为靶向治疗，代表了从传统化疗（通常同时影响癌细胞和健康细胞）向更精确的治疗方式的重大转变。 此外，癌基因的识别也导致了诊断工具的发展，可以在早期阶段检测癌症。例如，检测特定的癌基因突变可以帮助确定患者发展某些癌症的风险，从而允许更个性化的筛查和预防措施。这一点尤为重要，因为早期发现通常是成功治疗结果的关键。 癌基因的另一个重要方面是它们在癌症进展中的作用。随着肿瘤的演变，它们可能在其他基因中获得额外的突变，导致更具侵袭性的表型。这种现象被称为肿瘤异质性，它给治疗带来了重大挑战。一些癌基因可能在一个患者的肿瘤中活跃，而在另一个患者的肿瘤中则不活跃，因此肿瘤科医生必须根据肿瘤的基因特征量身定制治疗方案。基因组测序技术的进步使得分析肿瘤的遗传组成成为可能，为每种情况中涉及的特定癌基因提供了宝贵的见解。 此外，对癌基因的研究还强调了环境因素在癌症发展中的重要性。某些生活方式选择，如吸烟和饮食，可能会影响癌基因的表达并促进癌症的发生。这突显了减少已知致癌物暴露和促进更健康生活方式的公共卫生倡议的必要性。 总之，癌基因是癌症生物学的基本组成部分，既是诊断的标志，也是治疗的目标。在这一领域的持续研究不断揭示癌症的复杂性，并为更有效的治疗提供希望。随着我们对癌基因理解的加深，我们离一个能够更有效管理癌症的未来更近一步，从而改善全球患者的生活质量。