opsonize

简明释义

英[ˈɒpsəˌnaɪz]美[ˈɑːpsəˌnaɪz]

v. 使细菌易受调理素的作用；促进……的调理作用

第 三 人 称 单 数 o p s o n i z e s

现 在 分 词 o p s o n i z i n g

过 去 式 o p s o n i z e d

过 去 分 词 o p s o n i z e d

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The immune system can opsonize pathogens to enhance their recognition by phagocytes.

免疫系统可以标记病原体，以增强其被吞噬细胞识别的能力。

2.Antibodies opsonize bacteria, making them easier targets for immune cells.

抗体标记细菌，使它们成为免疫细胞更容易攻击的目标。

3.In the presence of complement proteins, the body can opsonize viruses effectively.

在补体蛋白存在的情况下，身体可以有效地标记病毒。

4.Macrophages opsonize foreign particles to facilitate their ingestion.

巨噬细胞标记外来颗粒，以促进其吞噬。

5.The process of opsonization is crucial for clearing infections from the body.

标记过程对清除体内感染至关重要。

作文

In the realm of immunology, the term opsonize refers to the process by which pathogens are marked for destruction by immune cells. This is a crucial mechanism that enhances the ability of phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils, to recognize and eliminate foreign invaders. When a pathogen is opsonized, it becomes coated with antibodies or complement proteins, which serve as signals for immune cells to identify and engulf them. Understanding this process is essential for comprehending how the immune system functions effectively against infections. The significance of opsonization can be illustrated through various examples. For instance, when bacteria enter the body, they often have surface structures that can evade detection by immune cells. However, when antibodies bind to these bacteria, they not only neutralize their harmful effects but also promote opsonization. This binding process facilitates the recognition of the bacteria by phagocytes, leading to enhanced phagocytosis. In other words, the immune system employs opsonization as a strategy to ensure that pathogens do not persist in the body and cause disease. Moreover, opsonization plays a vital role in vaccine development. Vaccines often aim to stimulate the production of specific antibodies against pathogens. Once these antibodies are produced, they can opsonize the pathogens if the individual is exposed to them in the future. This means that the immune system is better prepared to respond quickly and effectively, reducing the likelihood of severe illness. Therefore, understanding how to enhance opsonization through vaccines can lead to more effective immunization strategies. In addition to its role in natural immunity, opsonization is also important in therapeutic settings. For example, monoclonal antibodies are designed to target specific antigens on cancer cells. By binding to these cells, these antibodies can opsonize the cancer cells, marking them for destruction by the immune system. This approach has been a game-changer in cancer treatment, providing a means to harness the body's own defenses to fight malignancies. Despite its importance, several factors can affect the efficiency of opsonization. The presence of certain proteins in the bloodstream, the type of antibodies produced, and the characteristics of the pathogen itself can all influence how well a pathogen is opsonized. For example, some bacteria can produce capsules that inhibit antibody binding, thereby evading opsonization and subsequent destruction by immune cells. This highlights the ongoing arms race between pathogens and the immune system, where each side evolves strategies to outmaneuver the other. In conclusion, the process of opsonization is a fundamental aspect of the immune response, allowing for the efficient identification and elimination of pathogens. Its implications extend beyond basic immunology to areas such as vaccine development and cancer therapy. By enhancing our understanding of how opsonization works, we can develop more effective treatments and preventive measures against a variety of diseases. As research continues to uncover the intricacies of the immune system, the importance of opsonization will undoubtedly remain a focal point in the quest for improved health outcomes.

在免疫学领域，术语opsonize指的是通过免疫细胞对病原体进行标记以便于其被消灭的过程。这是增强吞噬细胞（如巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞）识别和消除外来入侵者能力的关键机制。当病原体被opsonize时，它们会被抗体或补体蛋白包裹，这些物质作为信号帮助免疫细胞识别和吞噬它们。理解这一过程对于理解免疫系统如何有效对抗感染至关重要。 Opsonization的重要性可以通过多种例子来说明。例如，当细菌进入体内时，它们通常具有能够逃避免疫细胞检测的表面结构。然而，当抗体与这些细菌结合时，它们不仅中和了细菌的有害影响，还促进了opsonization。这种结合过程促进了吞噬细胞对细菌的识别，从而增强了吞噬作用。换句话说，免疫系统利用opsonization作为确保病原体不会在体内持续存在并导致疾病的策略。 此外，opsonization在疫苗开发中也发挥着重要作用。疫苗通常旨在刺激针对病原体的特定抗体的产生。一旦产生这些抗体，如果个体未来暴露于病原体，这些抗体就可以opsonize病原体。这意味着免疫系统更好地准备迅速有效地应对，从而减少严重疾病的可能性。因此，理解如何通过疫苗增强opsonization可以导致更有效的免疫策略。 除了在自然免疫中的作用外，opsonization在治疗环境中也很重要。例如，单克隆抗体旨在靶向癌细胞上的特定抗原。通过与这些细胞结合，这些抗体可以opsonize癌细胞，标记它们以便于免疫系统的消灭。这种方法在癌症治疗中改变了游戏规则，提供了一种利用自身防御机制对抗恶性肿瘤的手段。 尽管其重要性不言而喻，但若干因素会影响opsonization的效率。血液中某些蛋白质的存在、产生的抗体类型以及病原体本身的特征都可能影响病原体被opsonized的效果。例如，一些细菌可以产生抑制抗体结合的荚膜，从而逃避opsonization和随后的免疫细胞消灭。这突显了病原体与免疫系统之间持续的军备竞赛，每一方都在进化出策略以超越对方。 总之，opsonization过程是免疫反应的基本方面，允许高效识别和消除病原体。其影响超越基础免疫学，延伸到疫苗开发和癌症治疗等领域。通过增强我们对opsonization工作原理的理解，我们可以开发出更有效的治疗和预防措施，以对抗各种疾病。随着研究继续揭示免疫系统的复杂性，opsonization的重要性无疑将继续成为改善健康结果的焦点。