performatives

简明释义

英[pəˈfɔːmətɪvz]美[pərˈfɔrməˌtɪvz]

n. 述行语；述行成分（performative 的复数形式）；施为句

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Illocutionary performatives affect the understanding of the illocutionary force encoded in the utterances and constrain the interpretation of the utterances in courtroom questioning.

言外之力的实施标记语影响听者对话语中蕴涵的言外之力的理解，从而制约听者对法庭提问话语的理解。

2.Illocutionary performatives affect the understanding of the illocutionary force encoded in the utterances and constrain the interpretation of the utterances in courtroom questioning.

言外之力的实施标记语影响听者对话语中蕴涵的言外之力的理解，从而制约听者对法庭提问话语的理解。

3.In epistemic modality, assertives are the main performatives. And speech acts co-occur with metaphor of modality. So speech acts come with modality.

对于情态隐喻而言，它是语言行为情态的全面体现，语言行为情态贯穿于根情态向认识情态、情态隐喻拓展的过程。

4.In linguistics, performatives are speech acts that perform an action simply by being spoken.

在语言学中，表述性行为是指通过说出话语而直接执行某种行为的言语行为。

5.When someone says 'I apologize', they are using a performative to express regret.

当某人说'我道歉'时，他们正在使用一个表述性行为来表达遗憾。

6.The phrase 'I promise' is a classic example of a performative in everyday conversation.

短语'我保证'是日常对话中一个经典的表述性行为的例子。

7.In legal contexts, statements like 'I hereby declare' are considered performatives that have binding effects.

在法律背景下，像'我在此声明'这样的陈述被视为具有约束力的表述性行为。

8.Teachers often use performatives when giving instructions, such as 'You need to submit your homework.'

教师在给出指令时经常使用表述性行为，例如'你需要提交你的作业'。

作文

In the realm of linguistics, the concept of performatives (表述性行为) plays a crucial role in understanding how language functions beyond mere communication. The term 'performative' was first introduced by the philosopher J.L. Austin in his work 'How to Do Things with Words.' According to Austin, certain utterances do not just convey information but actually perform an action. For instance, when someone says, 'I apologize,' they are not merely stating something; they are actively performing the act of apologizing. This idea challenges the traditional view of language as a tool for conveying facts and instead highlights its potential to enact change through speech. The significance of performatives (表述性行为) can be observed in various contexts, from everyday conversations to legal and ceremonial settings. In everyday life, we often engage in performative speech acts without even realizing it. When we make promises, vows, or declarations, we are using language to create commitments and social bonds. For example, saying 'I promise to help you' is not just a statement; it is a commitment that binds the speaker to a future action. This illustrates how language can shape our relationships and influence our behavior. In legal contexts, performatives (表述性行为) take on even greater significance. Legal language is filled with performative utterances that have the power to create rights, obligations, and consequences. For instance, when a judge pronounces a verdict, their words enact a legal decision that affects the lives of those involved. Similarly, when a couple exchanges vows during a wedding ceremony, their words are performative in nature, as they signify a binding commitment recognized by society. These examples demonstrate how language can function as a powerful tool for enacting social realities. Moreover, the concept of performatives (表述性行为) extends beyond formal contexts into the realm of art and performance. Artists and performers often utilize language as a medium to convey meaning and provoke thought. For instance, a poet may use performative language to evoke emotions and create an immersive experience for the audience. In this sense, the act of speaking becomes an artistic expression that transcends mere communication. However, the effectiveness of performatives (表述性行为) relies heavily on the context in which they are used. The success of a performative utterance depends on various factors, including the speaker's authority, the audience's understanding, and the situational context. For example, a child's promise may not carry the same weight as a legally binding contract. This variability highlights the importance of social conventions and shared understanding in the functioning of performatives. In conclusion, performatives (表述性行为) represent a fascinating aspect of language that goes beyond simple communication. They illustrate how our words can shape reality, create commitments, and influence social dynamics. By recognizing the power of performative utterances, we gain a deeper appreciation for the complexity of human interaction and the role of language in our lives. Understanding performatives (表述性行为) enriches our perspective on communication, reminding us that our words hold the potential to effect change and create meaning in the world around us.