perikaryon

简明释义

英[ˌperɪˈkærɪən]美[ˌperɪˈkæriˌɑn;ˌperɪˈkærən]

n. 神经细胞的核周体

复 数 p e r i k a r y a

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Adriamycin can selectively kill perikaryon by way of retrograde axoplasmic transport.

阿霉素(多柔比星)可以通过逆向轴浆运输选择性杀死神经元胞体。

2.Adriamycin can selectively kill perikaryon by way of retrograde axoplasmic transport.

阿霉素(多柔比星)可以通过逆向轴浆运输选择性杀死神经元胞体。

3.The neuron consists of a cell body, or perikaryon, which houses the nucleus.

神经元由一个细胞体组成，或称为细胞体，其中包含细胞核。

4.Damage to the perikaryon can lead to cell death and loss of function.

对细胞体的损伤可能导致细胞死亡和功能丧失。

5.In microscopy, the perikaryon is often highlighted to study neuronal structure.

在显微镜观察中，细胞体通常被突出显示以研究神经元结构。

6.The perikaryon contains organelles that are essential for the neuron's metabolism.

细胞体包含对神经元代谢至关重要的细胞器。

7.Research shows that the health of the perikaryon is critical for overall neural function.

研究表明，细胞体的健康对整体神经功能至关重要。

作文

The human body is a complex system composed of various cells, each serving distinct functions. Among these cells, neurons play a crucial role in transmitting signals throughout the nervous system. A key component of a neuron is the cell body, which contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for cellular function. This part of the neuron is referred to as the perikaryon, which is derived from the Greek words 'peri' meaning around, and 'karyon' meaning nucleus. The perikaryon is essential for maintaining the health and function of the neuron, as it houses the genetic material and is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are vital for neuron repair and signaling. Within the perikaryon, we find various organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are particularly important because they generate the energy required for the neuron's activities. The ribosomes within the perikaryon are responsible for protein synthesis, producing neurotransmitters and other proteins that facilitate communication between neurons. The endoplasmic reticulum plays a critical role in processing and transporting these proteins, ensuring that they reach their intended destinations within the neuron or are released into the synaptic cleft for signaling. The structure of the perikaryon also allows for the integration of signals received from dendrites, which are the branching extensions of the neuron that receive input from other neurons. When a neuron receives enough signals, the perikaryon processes this information and can initiate an action potential, a rapid electrical signal that travels down the axon to communicate with other neurons or muscles. This process highlights the importance of the perikaryon not only as a structural component but also as a functional hub for the neuron. In addition to its role in signal processing, the perikaryon is also involved in the overall health of the neuron. It plays a part in the maintenance of the neuron's metabolic needs and responds to injuries by activating repair mechanisms. In cases of neurodegenerative diseases, the perikaryon often shows signs of dysfunction, leading to impaired neuronal communication and eventual cell death. Understanding the perikaryon and its functions is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to treat such conditions. Furthermore, the study of the perikaryon extends beyond just basic neuroscience; it has implications in fields such as psychology and medicine. For instance, research on how the perikaryon responds to stress or injury can provide insights into mental health disorders and their treatment. By understanding the cellular mechanisms at play within the perikaryon, scientists hope to uncover new approaches to enhance neuronal resilience and recovery. In conclusion, the perikaryon is a fundamental aspect of neuronal structure and function. Its role in maintaining cellular health, processing signals, and facilitating communication underscores its significance in the nervous system. As research continues to delve deeper into the complexities of the perikaryon, we gain better insights into not only the workings of neurons but also potential avenues for addressing neurological disorders. The study of the perikaryon exemplifies how understanding the microscopic elements of biology can lead to advancements in our understanding of the human body and its functions.

人体是一个复杂的系统，由各种细胞组成，每种细胞都发挥着不同的功能。在这些细胞中，神经元在整个神经系统中传递信号方面起着至关重要的作用。神经元的一个关键组成部分是细胞体，它包含细胞核和其他细胞功能所需的细胞器。这个神经元的部分被称为细胞体，它来源于希腊语单词“peri”，意为周围，以及“karyon”，意为细胞核。细胞体对于维持神经元的健康和功能至关重要，因为它包含遗传物质，并负责合成对神经元修复和信号传递至关重要的蛋白质。 在细胞体内，我们可以找到各种细胞器，如线粒体、核糖体和内质网。线粒体尤其重要，因为它们产生神经元活动所需的能量。细胞体内的核糖体负责蛋白质合成，产生神经递质和其他促进神经元之间通信的蛋白质。内质网在处理和运输这些蛋白质方面发挥着关键作用，确保它们到达神经元内或释放到突触间隙以进行信号传递。 细胞体的结构还允许整合从树突接收到的信号，树突是神经元的分支延伸部分，接收来自其他神经元的输入。当神经元接收到足够的信号时，细胞体处理这些信息并可以启动动作电位，这是一个快速的电信号，沿着轴突传播，与其他神经元或肌肉进行通信。这个过程突显了细胞体作为结构组件的重要性，同时也是神经元的功能中心。 除了在信号处理中的作用外，细胞体还参与神经元的整体健康。它在维持神经元的代谢需求方面发挥作用，并通过激活修复机制来响应损伤。在神经退行性疾病的情况下，细胞体通常会显示出功能障碍的迹象，导致神经元通信受损和最终细胞死亡。理解细胞体及其功能对于开发治疗此类疾病的治疗策略至关重要。 此外，细胞体的研究不仅限于基础神经科学；它在心理学和医学等领域也有影响。例如，研究细胞体如何对压力或损伤作出反应，可以为心理健康障碍及其治疗提供见解。通过理解细胞体内的细胞机制，科学家希望揭示增强神经元韧性和恢复的新方法。 总之，细胞体是神经元结构和功能的基本方面。它在维持细胞健康、处理信号和促进通信中的作用强调了它在神经系统中的重要性。随着研究继续深入探讨细胞体的复杂性，我们对神经元的工作原理以及解决神经系统疾病的潜在途径有了更好的认识。细胞体的研究例证了理解生物学微观元素如何导致我们对人体及其功能理解的进步。