phenothiazines

简明释义

英[fɪnʌˈθɪætsɪnz]美[ˌfiːnoʊˈθaɪəˌziːnz]

n. 吩噻嗪类（phenothiazine 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum apoliprotein level in chronic schizophrenia with long term phenothiazines treatment (average 6 years).

目的探讨长期（平均6年）接受酚噻嗪类药物治疗的慢性精神分裂症患者血清载脂蛋白含量变化及其危险因素。

2.Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum apoliprotein level in chronic schizophrenia with long term phenothiazines treatment (average 6 years).

目的探讨长期（平均6年）接受酚噻嗪类药物治疗的慢性精神分裂症患者血清载脂蛋白含量变化及其危险因素。

3.The dipole moments were the common factors of formal potential and anthelmintic activity of phenothiazines.

偶极矩不仅影响吩噻嗪的式电位而且影响其驱虫活性，是两者的共同因子。

4.The phenothiazines are safe and effective, and promethazine (Phenergan) often is tried first.

吩噻嗪类药物安全有效，通常首选异丙嗪(非那根)。

5.One of the disadvantages of the phenothiazines is their potential for dystonic effects.

吩噻嗪类药物弊端在于其潜在的张力不能反应。

6.These antagonists include first generation antipsychotics such as butyrophenones, phenothiazines, and thioxanthenes.

这些拮抗剂包括第一代抗精神病药物，如丁苯酮、吩噻嗪类药物和噻嗪类药物。

7.Doctors often prescribe phenothiazines for treating severe mental disorders.

医生常常开处方使用苯噻嗪类药物来治疗严重的精神障碍。

8.Some phenothiazines are effective in controlling nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy.

一些苯噻嗪类药物在化疗期间有效控制恶心和呕吐。

9.Patients taking phenothiazines should be monitored for potential side effects.

服用苯噻嗪类药物的患者应监测潜在的副作用。

10.The use of phenothiazines can lead to sedation, which may benefit some patients.

使用苯噻嗪类药物可能导致镇静，这对某些患者有益。

11.Research shows that phenothiazines can help reduce agitation in psychiatric patients.

研究表明，苯噻嗪类药物可以帮助减少精神病患者的激动。

作文

The field of medicine is vast and complex, with numerous classes of drugs designed to treat various conditions. Among these, one particularly important category is the class of drugs known as phenothiazines (苯噻嗪类药物). These compounds have been used for decades, primarily as antipsychotic medications, and they play a crucial role in the management of mental health disorders. Understanding phenothiazines is essential for both healthcare professionals and patients alike, as it sheds light on their benefits, side effects, and the mechanisms by which they operate. Phenothiazines were first discovered in the mid-20th century and quickly became a cornerstone in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The most well-known drug in this class is chlorpromazine, which revolutionized psychiatric treatment upon its introduction. Prior to the advent of phenothiazines, patients with severe mental illnesses often faced institutionalization, as there were limited treatment options available. The development of these drugs allowed many individuals to manage their symptoms effectively, leading to improved quality of life and greater independence. Mechanistically, phenothiazines work primarily by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, particularly the D2 receptor subtype. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in mood regulation, motivation, and reward pathways. In conditions like schizophrenia, it is believed that there is an overactivity of dopamine transmission. By inhibiting this activity, phenothiazines help to alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, allowing patients to regain a sense of reality. Despite their effectiveness, phenothiazines are not without side effects. Common adverse reactions include sedation, weight gain, and extrapyramidal symptoms, which can manifest as tremors, rigidity, or abnormal movements. These side effects arise due to the non-selective nature of phenothiazines, as they also affect other neurotransmitter systems beyond dopamine. For instance, the blockade of histamine receptors can lead to sedation, while the blockade of muscarinic receptors can result in anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth and constipation. Moreover, long-term use of phenothiazines can lead to more serious complications, such as tardive dyskinesia, a condition characterized by involuntary movements, particularly of the face and tongue. This highlights the importance of monitoring patients on these medications closely and considering alternative treatments when necessary. In recent years, the introduction of atypical antipsychotics has provided additional options for managing psychiatric disorders. These newer medications tend to have a more favorable side effect profile compared to traditional phenothiazines. However, phenothiazines continue to be prescribed, especially in acute settings where rapid control of symptoms is required. In conclusion, phenothiazines represent a significant advancement in psychiatric medicine, providing effective treatment for many individuals suffering from severe mental illnesses. While they are associated with certain risks and side effects, their historical impact cannot be overstated. As our understanding of mental health evolves, ongoing research into phenothiazines and their applications will remain vital, ensuring that we can provide the best possible care for those in need. Knowledge about these medications is crucial for both healthcare providers and patients, facilitating informed decisions about treatment options and enhancing overall mental health outcomes.

医学领域广阔而复杂，有许多种类的药物用于治疗各种疾病。在这些药物中，一个特别重要的类别是被称为苯噻嗪类药物（phenothiazines）的药物。这些化合物已经使用了几十年，主要作为抗精神病药物，在心理健康障碍的管理中发挥着至关重要的作用。理解苯噻嗪类药物对医疗专业人士和患者都至关重要，因为这有助于了解它们的好处、副作用以及它们的作用机制。 苯噻嗪类药物是在20世纪中期首次发现的，并迅速成为治疗精神分裂症和其他精神病性障碍的基石。这一类别中最著名的药物是氯丙嗪，它在引入后彻底改变了精神病学治疗。在苯噻嗪类药物出现之前，严重精神疾病的患者通常面临住院治疗，因为可用的治疗选择有限。这些药物的发展使许多人能够有效地管理他们的症状，从而提高生活质量，获得更大的独立性。 从机制上讲，苯噻嗪类药物主要通过阻断大脑中的多巴胺受体，特别是D2受体亚型来发挥作用。多巴胺是一种神经递质，在情绪调节、动机和奖励通路中扮演着关键角色。在精神分裂症等疾病中，据信多巴胺传递过度活跃。通过抑制这种活动，苯噻嗪类药物有助于缓解幻觉和妄想等症状，使患者恢复现实感。 尽管效果显著，苯噻嗪类药物并非没有副作用。常见的不良反应包括镇静、体重增加和锥体外系症状，这可能表现为震颤、僵硬或异常运动。这些副作用的出现是由于苯噻嗪类药物的非选择性特征，因为它们还影响多巴胺以外的其他神经递质系统。例如，组胺受体的阻断可能导致镇静，而毒蕈碱受体的阻断则可能导致抗胆碱能效应，如口干和便秘。 此外，长期使用苯噻嗪类药物可能导致更严重的并发症，如迟发性运动障碍，这是一种以不自主运动为特征的状况，尤其是面部和舌头的运动。这突显了密切监测服用这些药物的患者的重要性，并在必要时考虑替代治疗。 近年来，非典型抗精神病药物的引入为管理精神疾病提供了额外的选择。这些较新的药物相比传统的苯噻嗪类药物往往具有更好的副作用特征。然而，尤其在需要快速控制症状的急性情况下，苯噻嗪类药物仍然被开处方。 总之，苯噻嗪类药物代表了精神医学的一项重大进展，为许多患有严重心理疾病的人提供了有效的治疗。虽然它们与某些风险和副作用相关，但其历史影响不容小觑。随着我们对心理健康的理解不断发展，对苯噻嗪类药物及其应用的持续研究将仍然至关重要，确保我们能够为那些需要帮助的人提供最佳护理。关于这些药物的知识对于医疗提供者和患者都是至关重要的，有助于促进关于治疗选择的知情决策，提高整体心理健康结果。