phosphatases

简明释义

英[ˌfɒsfəˈteɪzɪz]美[ˌfɑsfəˈteɪzɪz]

n. [生化] 磷酸酶；[生化] 磷酸酯酶

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Neither Calyculin A nor Okadaic acid inhibit acid or alkaline phosphatases or phospho- tyrosine protein phosphatases (2).

花萼海绵诱癌素A和冈田软海绵酸都不能抑制酸性或碱性磷酸酶或者酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酶的活性（2）。

2.Research progress in insect alkaline phosphatases is reviewed, and the biochemical properties of the enzymes and their relationship with physiological function are also described.

本文综述了国内外对昆虫碱性磷酸酶的研究状况，并描述了昆虫碱性磷酸酶的生化性质及其与生理功能的关系。

3.The acidic, neutral and alkaline phosphatases are occurred, among them, the activity of acidic phosphatase the is strongest one, and some correlations-existed in them.

赤红壤中含有酸性、中性和碱性磷酸酶，其中以酸性磷酸酶活性最强。

4.The conservation in sequence and structure of protein tyrosine phosphatases has been analyzed by aligning their sequences and superposed their three dimensional topological structures.

以蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶为模型，通过序列和结构的比较，对蛋白质序列、结构的保守性与其功能和进化的关系问题进行了研究。

5.These observations suggest that the mutated tyrosine phosphatases are tumor suppressor genes, regulating cellular pathways that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.

这些观察提示突变的酪氨酸磷酸酶是肿瘤抑制基因，它调节的细胞通路可能会被利用到治疗干预中去。

6.Chk1 exerts its checkpoint mechanism on the cell cycle, in part, by regulating the cdc25 family of phosphatases.

Chk1发挥其细胞周期检验点调节机制部分经由调控磷酸酶家族的cdc25。

7.The role of phosphatases in cellular signaling is crucial for maintaining homeostasis.

在细胞信号传导中，磷酸酶的作用对于维持内稳态至关重要。

8.Inhibition of phosphatases can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer.

抑制磷酸酶可能导致细胞生长失控和癌症。

9.Research on phosphatases has opened new avenues for drug development.

对磷酸酶的研究为药物开发开辟了新途径。

10.Different types of phosphatases are involved in various metabolic pathways.

不同类型的磷酸酶参与各种代谢途径。

11.The activity of phosphatases can be measured using specific biochemical assays.

可以使用特定的生化检测来测量磷酸酶的活性。

作文

Phosphatases are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in cellular processes by removing phosphate groups from molecules, a process known as dephosphorylation. This action is essential for regulating various biological functions, including signal transduction, metabolism, and cell division. In the context of cellular signaling, the balance between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is vital for maintaining homeostasis within the cell. When a phosphate group is added to a protein, it can activate or deactivate the protein's function, making phosphatases essential for the precise control of these processes. The importance of phosphatases extends beyond basic cellular functions; they are also implicated in various diseases. For instance, abnormal activity of certain phosphatases has been linked to cancer progression. Cancer cells often exhibit altered signaling pathways, and the dysregulation of phosphatases can contribute to uncontrolled cell growth and survival. Understanding how phosphatases operate provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Researchers are actively investigating specific phosphatases that could be inhibited or activated to restore normal cellular functions in cancerous tissues. Moreover, phosphatases are not only relevant in cancer biology but also play significant roles in other conditions such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. For example, in diabetes, insulin signaling is heavily influenced by the activity of phosphatases. Proper regulation of these enzymes is necessary for maintaining glucose homeostasis. In neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, phosphatases may affect the phosphorylation state of tau proteins, leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles that are characteristic of the disease. Therefore, the study of phosphatases is critical for understanding the molecular underpinnings of these diseases and developing effective treatments. The diversity of phosphatases is another fascinating aspect of this enzyme family. There are several classes of phosphatases, including protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and serine/threonine phosphatases, each with distinct substrates and regulatory mechanisms. This diversity allows for a wide range of physiological functions, highlighting the complexity of cellular signaling networks. For instance, PTPs specifically target phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins, while serine/threonine phosphatases act on serine and threonine residues. The specificity of these enzymes ensures that cellular signals are precisely modulated, which is crucial for normal cellular function. In conclusion, phosphatases are vital enzymes in the regulation of numerous biological processes. Their ability to remove phosphate groups from proteins is fundamental to maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to external signals. The dysregulation of phosphatases is associated with various diseases, making them important targets for research and therapeutic intervention. As we continue to uncover the intricacies of phosphatases and their roles in health and disease, we move closer to developing innovative strategies for treating conditions that currently have limited treatment options.

磷酸酶是一类在细胞过程中起着至关重要作用的酶，通过去除分子上的磷酸基团，参与去磷酸化过程。这一过程对于调节多种生物功能至关重要，包括信号转导、代谢和细胞分裂。在细胞信号传导的背景下，磷酸化与去磷酸化之间的平衡对维持细胞内的稳态至关重要。当磷酸基团添加到蛋白质上时，它可以激活或失活该蛋白质的功能，这使得磷酸酶在精确控制这些过程方面变得不可或缺。 磷酸酶的重要性不仅限于基本的细胞功能；它们还与各种疾病相关。例如，某些磷酸酶的异常活性与癌症进展有关。癌细胞通常表现出信号通路的改变，而磷酸酶的失调可能导致细胞生长和存活的失控。了解磷酸酶的运作方式为癌症治疗提供了潜在的治疗靶点。研究人员正在积极研究可以抑制或激活的特定磷酸酶，以恢复癌组织中的正常细胞功能。 此外，磷酸酶不仅与癌症生物学相关，还在糖尿病和神经退行性疾病等其他病症中发挥重要作用。例如，在糖尿病中，胰岛素信号受到磷酸酶活性的影响。适当调节这些酶是维持葡萄糖稳态所必需的。在阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病中，磷酸酶可能会影响tau蛋白的磷酸化状态，从而导致该疾病特征性神经纤维缠结的形成。因此，研究磷酸酶对于理解这些疾病的分子基础和开发有效治疗方案至关重要。 磷酸酶的多样性是这一酶类家族的另一个迷人之处。磷酸酶有几类，包括蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶（PTPs）和丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶，每种酶具有不同的底物和调控机制。这种多样性允许广泛的生理功能，突显了细胞信号网络的复杂性。例如，PTPs专门针对蛋白质上的磷酸化酪氨酸残基，而丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶则作用于丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基。这些酶的特异性确保细胞信号被精确调节，这对正常细胞功能至关重要。 总之，磷酸酶是调节众多生物过程的重要酶。它们从蛋白质中去除磷酸基团的能力是维持细胞稳态和响应外部信号的基础。磷酸酶的失调与各种疾病相关，使其成为研究和治疗干预的重要靶标。随着我们继续揭示磷酸酶及其在健康和疾病中的作用的复杂性，我们将更接近于开发出创新的治疗策略，以应对目前治疗选择有限的疾病。